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Italian Sparrow (1 Viewer)

it says in Collins that "Italian" Sparrows in North Africa are best treated as hybrids than as italiae

More or less the same in Isenmann & al. 2005 (Les oiseaux de Tunisie) :

« There appear to be four groups :
1 birds with grey caps (domesticus)
2 birds with brown heads and black patterning on the flanks (hispaniolensis)
3 birds of the phenotype italiae with brown heads
4 hybrids which are generally very variable »
 
My observations were around Sousse as well as south of there, in mid winter. The birds were close enough to Spanish sparrows as shown in the book we used that we never thought anything was funny. And we did have a couple of very unexpected observations of other things.

Niels
 
May depend on the dates, Spanish Sparrows are moving south towards the Sahara outside the breeding season.

Just found my old notebook. It was December 2004 and I note that in Sousse I observed that the sparrows resembled Italian sparrows but that on the edge of the Sahara just south of Zafraane they resembled pure Spanish sparrows.

Ken
 
As far as I understand the evidence is based on the distribution (which is specially in Northern Africa poorly understood) and the lack of reproductive isolation. I think only a DNA based analysis can really solve the problem.

If they want to study REALLY the situation in the field, they may visit the Po Delta, NE Italy, were Passer domesticus italiae (neither Passer italiae nor Passer hispaniolensis italiae or -worst- Passer italiae italiae) and Passer hispaniolensis hispaniolensis meet without hybridizing !
 
Many thanks for that very useful contribution, Menotti - excellent fieldwork by Luca Boscain!

Richard

Hear hear! I was too busy dashing about trying to find this lark and that wheatear to slow down and undertake anything like this. Well done - simple but interesting and informative primary research.
 
Elgvin et al 2011

See this abstract: http://www.eseb2009.it/cd/pdf/30-23_P.pdf
By the time the poster was presented, part of the data was in. If I remember correctly, mtDNA is pure House Sparrow-like. Nuclear DNA (suite of microsats) is 50-50 House-Spanish across the range. Therefore, the authors prefer the stable hybrid population hypothesis. Very exciting situation, I am looking forward to the paper.
Elgvin, Hermansen, Fijarczyk†, Bonnet, Borge, Sæther, Voje & Sætre 2011. Hybrid speciation in sparrows II: a role for sex chromosomes? Mol Ecol: in press. [abstract]
 
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Hermansen et al 2011

Hermansen, Sæther, Elgvin, Borge, Hjelle & Sætre 2011. Hybrid speciation in sparrows I: phenotypic intermediacy, genetic admixture and barriers to gene flow. Mol Ecol: in press. [abstract]

[I'd wondered why yesterday's publication was titled 'Hybrid speciation in sparrows II'.]​
 
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Hermansen et al 2011

Hermansen, Sæther, Elgvin, Borge, Hjelle & Sætre 2011. Hybrid speciation in sparrows I: phenotypic intermediacy, genetic admixture and barriers to gene flow. Mol Ecol: in press. [abstract]
For completeness, the rather belated BBC Nature news item noted elsewhere by Jack Dawe and Kits:
Italian sparrow joins family as a new species.

PS. Listed as a proposed split by IOC:
www.worldbirdnames.org/updates-PS.html [updated 20 Sep 2011]

PPS. Accepted as a species by TiF:
www.jboyd.net/Taxo/changes.html [20 Sep 2011]
www.jboyd.net/Taxo/List29.html#passeridae
 
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I suggest that the status of other disputed bird taxa eventually may be resolved likewise. I quote here from recent study on ducks (I hope Richard remembers the citation - I mislaid it!) which proposed a fundamental new model of speciation:

"We demonstrate that hybridisation has led to sustained exchange of genetic material between duck species on an evolutionary time scale without disintegrating species boundaries. Even though behavioural, genetic and ecological factors uphold species boundaries in ducks, we detect opposing forces allowing for viable interspecific hybrids, with long-term evolutionary implications. Based on the superspecies concept we here introduce the novel term “supra-population” to explain the persistence of single nucleotide polymorphisms identical by descent within the studied ducks despite their history as distinct species dating back millions of years." (My emphases - think of House Sparrow, Spanish Sparrow and Italian Sparrow in this rough context. Incidentally, I think I'm correct in saying that the original BWP had a number of paragraphs on apparent 'outlier' populations at oases of 'Italian-like' sparrows.) Acrocephalus baeticatus/avicenniae anyone? (Reed Warblers at Egyptian and Libyan oases)

I'm not at all claiming that this study's methodology will apply directly to other families and genera, rather that this kind of inclusive thinking and analysis will enable such 'fuzzy' problems to be tackled within a realistic biological context or framework.

Now, the challenge is for field guides and the like to present this approach in a straightforward manner for the bulk of birders...:eek!:
MJB
 
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I suggest that the status of other disputed bird taxa eventually may be resolved likewise. I quote here from recent study on ducks (I hope Richard remembers the citation - I mislaid it!)...
At your service, Mike. :t:
  • Kraus et al 2012. Widespread horizontal genomic exchange does not erode species barriers among sympatric ducks. BMC Evol Biol 12:45. [abstract] [pdf]
 
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