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Fringillidae (1 Viewer)

mb1848 said:
ICZN 1968 must be the Bulletin you cited?
Click to expand...
Yes.

Tanagra was long used as if its type was Tanagra episcopus Linnaeus 1766, as designated in:
Swainson W. 1827. On several groups and forms in ornithology, not hitherto defined. [Concluded from p. 175.] Zool. J., 3: 343-363.; p. 346; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27485872 .
This assumed that Tanagra was available from:
Linné C a. 1766. Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio duodecima, reformata. Tomus I. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm.; p. 313; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946509
...where Tanagra episcopus was indeed included.

In fact, Tanagra is available from:
Linnaeus C. 1764. Museum S:ae R:ae M:tis Adolphi Friderici regis Svecorum, Gothorum, Vandalorumque &c. &c. &c. In quo animalia rariora imprimis et exotica: aves, amphibia, pisces describuntur. Tomi secundi prodromus. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm.; p. 30; https://books.google.com/books?id=WchMRzLomcYC&pg=PA30
...and the originally included nominal species were Tanagra militaris (= Emberiza militaris Linnaeus 1758, in use, Icteridae), T. albirostris (= Tanagra albirostris Linnaeus 1764, syn. Parus cela Linnaeus 1758, Icteridae) and T. violacea (= Fringilla violacea Linnaeus 1758, in use, Fringillidae). When it was realized that the name did not date from 1766, Fringilla violacea Linnaeus 1758 was designated as the type (in a attempt to minimize disruption -- euphonias were still in the tanager family back then), in:
Richmond CW. 1908. Generic names applied to birds during the years 1901 to 1905, inclusive, with further additions to Waterhouse's "Index Generum Avium." Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 35: 583-655.; p. 644; https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7495483

Subsequent to this, some authors (mainly American) started using Tanagra for euphonias, while others (mainly European) did not, and continued using it for the group of tanagers that includes episcopus. Opinion 852 was passed to halt this confusing dual usage. The Commission suppressed Tanagra (placing it on the Official Index; the name is suppressed for the purposes of the principle of priority, but not for those of the p. of homonymy -- meaning it cannot compete to become a valid name, but continues to preoccupy its own spelling). Simultaneously, they placed Euphonia on the Official List as dating from livr. 10 of Desmarest's work, with Euphonia olivacea Desmarest as its type by monotypy.
 
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Takema Saitoh, Kazuto Kawakami, Yaroslav A. Red'kin, Isao Nishiumi, Chang-Hoe Kim, Alexey P. Kryukov
Cryptic Speciation of the Oriental Greenfinch Chloris sinica on Oceanic Islands.

https://bioone.org/journals/Zoologi...loris-sinica-on-Oceanic/10.2108/zs190111.full

Abstract
The Oriental greenfinch, Chloris sinica, is a small seed-eating finch that breeds in the eastern Palearctic region, an area that spans from Russia in the east to China, Korea, and Japan in the south and southwest. Several subspecies have been described based on subtle morphological characteristics, although the taxonomy varies among different authors. Although many ecological studies have been performed, there has been no phylogenetic study that encompasses the species' entire geographical range. We used four regions of mitochondrial DNA to analyze the intraspecies genetic phylogeny and diversity of the Oriental greenfinch. In addition, we performed morphometric analyses using museum specimens. Genetic analysis identified two clades that diverged approximately 1.06 million years ago. These were a population from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan (subspecies kittlitzi, Clade B), and the other populations (Clade A, which could not be subdivided according to geographic context). Morphometric analyses showed that the population on the Kuril Islands (subspecies kawarahiba) had the longest mean wing length, whereas C. s. kittlitzi had the shortest wings. Chloris s. kittlitzi also had the longest mean bill length, probably because it has adapted to feeding on the Ogasawara Islands. Based on molecular phylogeny and morphology analyses, we recommend that C. s. kittlitzi should be treated as a completely distinct species, called the Ogasawara greenfinch, Chloris kittlitzi. It is critically endangered and needs to be specially protected.

Raised Chloris sinica kittlitzi to species as Chloris kittlitzi — Ogasawara Greenfinch / Verdier d'Ogasawara.
 
Melisa Vázquez-lópez, Juan J. Morrone, Sandra M. Ramírez-barrera, Anuar López-López, Sahid M. Robles-Bello, Blanca E. Hernández-baños.
Multilocus, phenotypic, behavioral, and ecological niche analyses provide evidence for two specieswithin Euphonia affinis (Aves, Fringillidae)

Abstract
The integration of genetic, morphological, behavioral, and ecological information in the analysis of species boundaries has increased, allowing integrative systematics that better reflect the evolutionary history of biological groups. In this context, the goal of this study was to recognize independent evolutionary
lineages within Euphonia affinis at the genetic, morphological, and ecological levels. Three subspecies have been described: E. affinis godmani, distributed in the Pacific slope from southern Sonora to Guerrero; E. affinis affinis, from Oaxaca, Chiapas and the Yucatan Peninsula to Costa Rica; and E. affinis olmecorum from Tamaulipas and San Luis Potosi east to northern Chiapas (not recognized by some authors). A multilocus analysis was performed using mitochondrial and nuclear genes. These analyses suggest two genetic
lineages: E. godmani and E. affinis, which diverged between 1.34 and 4.3 My, a period in which the ice ages and global cooling fragmented the tropical forests throughout the Neotropics. To analyze morphometric variations, six morphometric measurements were taken, and the Wilcoxon Test was applied to look for sexual dimorphism and differences between the lineages. Behavioral information was included, by performing vocalization analysis which showed significant differences in the temporal characteristics of calls.
Finally, Ecological Niche Models were estimated with MaxEnt, and then compared using the method of Broennimann. These analyses showed that the lineage distributed in western Mexico (E. godmani) has a more restricted niche than the eastern lineage (E. affinis) and thus we rejected the hypotheses of niche
equivalence and similarity. Based on the combined evidence from genetic, morphological, behavioral, and ecological data, it is concluded that E. affinis (with E. olmecorum as its synonym) and E. godmani represent
two independent evolutionary lineages


https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/51785/
 
Carduelis/ Spinus lapazensis

Antonio Arnaiz-Villena, Cristina Campos, Fabio Suarez-Trujillo, Adrian Lopez-Nares, Alvaro Callado, Eduardo Gomez-Casado, Estefania Crespo-Yuste, Valentín Ruiz-del-Valle. Description of New American Carduelis/Spinus Species in La Paz (Bolivia): C./S. lapazensis. The Open Ornithology Journal, 2020, 13.

Abstract:

Introduction:
South American siskins (Genus Carduelis/Spinus) are the outcome of regional evolutionary radiation from an extant (or other extinct) species: C. notata, a North America siskin, which thrives in Mexico subtropical areas and is parental of one of the three described North American siskin radiations.

Methods:
Speciation and/or subspeciation have probably occurred during Pleistocene Epoch. In the present paper, a new species/subspecies akin to C./S. atrata is described by genetic and phenotypic parameters: this new species/subspecies was considered a subspecies of C./S. xanthogastra, which thrives further North and is separated about 1,762 km, 1,094 miles, from this described subspecies, Carduelis/ Spinus xanthogastra stejnegeri .

Results:
Our genetic study using mt cyt b, phenotypic and behavior observations show that this putative C./S. xanthogastra subspecies is either a different species or a C./S.atrata subspecies; we have proposed a provisional name for this finch, C./S. lapazensis, instead of C./S. x. stejnegeri.

Conclusion:
Species definition is movable and controversial, and it is uncertain in South American siskins, which all show a close genetic and phenotypical relationship, which may be still immersed in speciation processes since Pleistocene Epoch.
 
Peter Kovalik said:
Antonio Arnaiz-Villena, Cristina Campos, Fabio Suarez-Trujillo, Adrian Lopez-Nares, Alvaro Callado, Eduardo Gomez-Casado, Estefania Crespo-Yuste, Valentín Ruiz-del-Valle. Description of New American Carduelis/Spinus Species in La Paz (Bolivia): C./S. lapazensis. The Open Ornithology Journal, 2020, 13.

Abstract:
Click to expand...

It seems this paper, despite the claim of being published electronically as of 17 July, is only available as an abstract on the defunct website of the journal, not on the new one here: https://openornithologyjournal.com/index.php

But more interestingly, the lead author is also the journal's editor! Between the poorly written English and the discordance in the presentation of the different sections (and the apparent lack of understanding of avian phylogenetics, evolutionary processes, and nomenclatural practices) this abstract must be from pre-review despite the claim of having been published.

In addition, from the wording presented, it appears to me that they are renaming a sub/species because their study suggests it has been considered a taxon under the wrong species. Or am I misunderstanding the abstract? If this is the work of the editor of the journal, I am not impressed by the example of competence it sets.

This smacks of one of those journals that isn't what it seems. See the Bio of Arnaiz-Villena:
"Prof. Dr. Antonio Arnaiz-Villena studied Medicine and Biology at Complutense University (Spain), got PhD in Medicine. He spent 9 years at London Hospital Medical College and Middlesex Hospital (London, UK) for training in Immunology and Genetics. He set up the Immunology departments of Hospital Ramon y Cajal and Hospital 12 de Octubre (Madrid); also participated in Spanish Transplant Law redaction and promotion, for this he recently received an Award at Senate by Queen Sofia. He also set up teaching of Immunology at Biomedical Schools of University Complutense, directed 48 PhD theses and published 351 articles in Immunology, Ornithology, HLA, MHC, Population Genetics and Anthropology. At present, he is Chairman at The Madrid Regional Blood Center and University Complutense (Madrid)."

I don't doubt that an immunologist can also be a competent ornithologist, but if he has published 351 articles on that broad a set of topics, and his competency in ornithology is what it appears to be in the abstract presented above, well... I think it's clear he is deep into Dunning-Krugerland.
 
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I'm also trying to understand: a population currently considered to belong to the subspecies stejnegeri of Spinus xanthogastrus would actually be a separate species / subspecies close to atratus... I think..:brains:
 
Feng Dong, Shou-Hsien Li, Chi-Cheng Chiu, Lu Dong, Cheng-Te Yao, & Xiao-Jun Yang.
Strict allopatric speciation of sky island Pyrrhula erythaca species complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Available online 17 August 2020. In Press, Journal Pre-proof

Abstract
Increasing evidence of post-divergence gene flow between taxa is shifting our understanding on the mode of speciation. A fundamental question arises concerning the circumstances under which strict allopatric speciation still holds true. Sky island populations might undergo reduced gene flow by niche conservatism to highland habitats and follow divergence in an allopatric manner. In this study, we tested this hypothesis in the sky island Grey-headed Bullfinch (Pyrrhula erythaca) species complex via statistical analyses of both genetic and ecological data. Results of coalescent-based analysis of multiple nuclear loci suggested that P. e. owstoni likely colonized Taiwan island during the severe mid-Pleistocene glacial climate followed by strictly allopatric divergence from P. e. erythaca distributed in Himalayas-Hengduan mountains and central North China. Results of ecological niche modeling suggested that their speciation may be attributed to the niche conservatism of these birds and the lack of a suitable ecological corridor during subsequent milder glacial episodes. In addition, we delimited the traditionally defined P. erythaca into two full species, P. erythaca in the Asian mainland and P. owstoni on the island of Taiwan, based on both genetic and behavioural evidences. These results suggest that ecology can have a dynamic role in allowing highland populations to expand their ranges and isolated by habitat barriers to diversify in a strictly allopatric manner.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S105579032030213X
 
LeNomenclatoriste said:
Feng Dong, Shou-Hsien Li, Chi-Cheng Chiu, Lu Dong, Cheng-Te Yao, & Xiao-Jun Yang.
Strict allopatric speciation of sky island Pyrrhula erythaca species complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Available online 17 August 2020. In Press, Journal Pre-proof

Abstract
Increasing evidence of post-divergence gene flow between taxa is shifting our understanding on the mode of speciation. A fundamental question arises concerning the circumstances under which strict allopatric speciation still holds true. Sky island populations might undergo reduced gene flow by niche conservatism to highland habitats and follow divergence in an allopatric manner. In this study, we tested this hypothesis in the sky island Grey-headed Bullfinch (Pyrrhula erythaca) species complex via statistical analyses of both genetic and ecological data. Results of coalescent-based analysis of multiple nuclear loci suggested that P. e. owstoni likely colonized Taiwan island during the severe mid-Pleistocene glacial climate followed by strictly allopatric divergence from P. e. erythaca distributed in Himalayas-Hengduan mountains and central North China. Results of ecological niche modeling suggested that their speciation may be attributed to the niche conservatism of these birds and the lack of a suitable ecological corridor during subsequent milder glacial episodes. In addition, we delimited the traditionally defined P. erythaca into two full species, P. erythaca in the Asian mainland and P. owstoni on the island of Taiwan, based on both genetic and behavioural evidences. These results suggest that ecology can have a dynamic role in allowing highland populations to expand their ranges and isolated by habitat barriers to diversify in a strictly allopatric manner.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S105579032030213X
Click to expand...

IOC Updates Diary Aug 18

Post proposed split of Taiwan Bullfinch Pyrrhula owstoni from Grey-headed Bullfinch Pyrrhula erythaca.
 
Peter Kovalik said:
Antonio Arnaiz-Villena, Cristina Campos, Fabio Suarez-Trujillo, Adrian Lopez-Nares, Alvaro Callado, Eduardo Gomez-Casado, Estefania Crespo-Yuste, Valentín Ruiz-del-Valle. Description of New American Carduelis/Spinus Species in La Paz (Bolivia): C./S. lapazensis. The Open Ornithology Journal, 2020, 13.

Abstract:

Introduction:
South American siskins (Genus Carduelis/Spinus) are the outcome of regional evolutionary radiation from an extant (or other extinct) species: C. notata, a North America siskin, which thrives in Mexico subtropical areas and is parental of one of the three described North American siskin radiations.

Methods:
Speciation and/or subspeciation have probably occurred during Pleistocene Epoch. In the present paper, a new species/subspecies akin to C./S. atrata is described by genetic and phenotypic parameters: this new species/subspecies was considered a subspecies of C./S. xanthogastra, which thrives further North and is separated about 1,762 km, 1,094 miles, from this described subspecies, Carduelis/ Spinus xanthogastra stejnegeri .

Results:
Our genetic study using mt cyt b, phenotypic and behavior observations show that this putative C./S. xanthogastra subspecies is either a different species or a C./S.atrata subspecies; we have proposed a provisional name for this finch, C./S. lapazensis, instead of C./S. x. stejnegeri.

Conclusion:
Species definition is movable and controversial, and it is uncertain in South American siskins, which all show a close genetic and phenotypical relationship, which may be still immersed in speciation processes since Pleistocene Epoch.
Click to expand...


The article is available, would you have the courage to read it?
 
So yes, they apparently attempt to ('provisionally') rename a population because cyt-b analysis suggests its relationships may depart from what is usually accepted. (In practice, as the paper is online-only and not registered in ZooBank, thus not published in the sense of the ICZN, it can have no effect whatsoever on nomenclature.)
(Probably stejnegeri / stegnegeri / stegnejeri / stejgeneri should be abandoned indeed, though -- it's evidently too hard to spell. ;))
 
Leucosticte spp

Erik R Funk, Garth M Spellman, Kevin Winker, Jack J Withrow, Kristen C Ruegg, Erika Zavaleta, Scott A Taylor, Phylogenomic Data Reveal Widespread Introgression Across the Range of an Alpine and Arctic Specialist, Systematic Biology, , syaa071, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syaa071

Abstract:

Understanding how gene flow affects population divergence and speciation remains challenging. Differentiating one evolutionary process from another can be difficult because multiple processes can produce similar patterns, and more than one process can occur simultaneously. While simple population models produce predictable results, how these processes balance in taxa with patchy distributions and complicated natural histories is less certain. These types of populations might be highly connected through migration (gene flow), but can experience stronger effects of genetic drift and inbreeding, or localized selection. While different signals can be difficult to separate, the application of high throughput sequence data can provide the resolution necessary to distinguish many of these processes. We present whole genome sequence data for an avian species group with an alpine and arctic tundra distribution to examine the role that different population genetic processes have played in their evolutionary history. Rosy-finches inhabit high elevation mountaintop sky islands and high-latitude island and continental tundra. They exhibit extensive plumage variation coupled with low levels of genetic variation. Additionally, the number of species within the complex is debated, making them excellent for studying the forces involved in the process of diversification, as well as an important species group in which to investigate species boundaries. Total genomic variation suggests a broadly continuous pattern of allele frequency changes across the mainland taxa of this group in North America. However, phylogenomic analyses recover multiple distinct, well supported, groups that coincide with previously described morphological variation and current species-level taxonomy. Tests of introgression using D-statistics and approximate Bayesian computation reveal significant levels of introgression between multiple North American taxa. These results provide insight into the balance between divergent and homogenizing population genetic processes and highlight remaining challenges in interpreting conflict between different types of analytical approaches with whole genome sequence data.
 
Peter Kovalik said:
Fringilla canariensis bakeri ssp. nov.

Illera, Juan Carlos; Rando, Juan Carlos; Rodriguez-Exposito, Eduardo; Hernandez, Mariano; Claramunt, Santiago; Martin, Aurelio. Acoustic, genetic, and morphological analysis of the Canarian common chaffinch complex (Fringilla coelebs ssp.) reveals a cryptic diversification process. Journal of Avian Biology, Accepted article.

Abstract:

The common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) is the extant avian species with the highest level of differentiation across North Atlantic archipelagos. Such a degree of diversification has been traditionally recognised within the subspecies category, with one endemic subspecies occurring in Azores (F. c. moreletti), one in Madeira (F. c. maderensis), and three in the Canary Islands (F. c. canariensis, F. c. palmae and F. c. ombriosa). Recent genetic, acoustic, and sperm morphology studies informed us about the significant differentiation of the Gran Canaria population, which is traditionally included within F. c. canariensis subspecies. The goal of this study is to examine the similarity of the Canarian chaffinches, with the objective of determining if the Gran Canaria chaffinches represent an isolated and distinct population. In order to achieve this aim, we used a double approach: (1) we analysed new morphological and genetic data from the Canary Islands, and (2) we reviewed and synthesised the vast acoustic, morphological and genetic information available for these taxa in Macaronesia, with special emphasis on the Canary Islands. Genetic, acoustic, and sperm morphological data, and to a lesser extent phenotypic data, strongly support the existence of a cryptic taxon in Gran Canaria. Moreover, our findings also reveal an incipient speciation process on going in the Canary Islands, mostly driven by genetic differentiation. Overall, our synthesis suggests that individuals occurring in Gran Canaria should be considered as a novel taxon that we formally described as Fringilla canariensis bakeri ssp. nov.
Click to expand...
Acoustic, genetic and morphological analyses of the Canarian common chaffinch complex Fringilla coelebs ssp. reveals cryptic diversification

This article corrects the following:
Acoustic, genetic, and morphological analyses of the Canarian common chaffinch complex Fringilla coelebs ssp. reveals cryptic diversification
Juan Carlos Illera Juan Carlos Rando Eduardo Rodriguez‐Exposito Mariano Hernández Santiago Claramunt Aurelio Martín
Volume 49Issue 12Journal of Avian Biology First Published online: December 13, 2018

Abstract:

The authors of Illera et al. (2018) have inadvertently omitted the Zoobank accession code for the new subspecies proposed when the article was originally published, despite having obtained it before the article had been accepted. The Zoobank Life Sciences Id for the new subspecies is urn:lsid:zoobank.org:ppub:A2DB5346‐D4C9‐4D25‐A731‐C1EC3495AC9A.
 
I'm not sure I understand this.

If the ZooBank data were omitted in 2018, there never was a "when the article was originally published". And there is no way that this could be changed now by issuing a separate corrigendum (which, incidentally, is itself unpublished because it is not registered in ZooBank and does not cite its own registration data) that merely states the omitted data.
The registration data must be in the .pdf file where the requirements for the availability of the name are fulfilled (= the .pdf file where the new name is proposed and indicated as intentionally new, characters differentiating the new taxon are stated in words, the name-bearing type is designated, and its repository is indicated).

Would it be possible for somebody with an access to the current .pdf of the full original paper (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jav.01885) to check if something was changed there as well, or if this was left untouched ?
 
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Laurent: Without spending 7 dollars American the online article is unchanged since 2018.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jav.01885 .
But a correction was published in a 2021 volume of the work.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jav.02780 as noted by Peter. What is the function of a corrigendum? In USA law some documents refer back and change reality in the past some do not. Some of these authors learned from this problem and did the ZooBank thing right when they named a new cryptic Manx Petrel subspecies in 2020. Learning good. My personal philosophy involves maintaining a preferential option for the poor and the Norwegians.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jav.02633 .
 

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