A lot of this is repetition, but here goes.
As I've stated elsewhere, I think the question of how a large enough breeding population or populations could have survived undetected for so long is the strongest argument for extinction, but I don't think it's by any means an overwhelming one. There's some thought-provoking theorizing going on about this over at ibwo.net.
You're playing a bit fast and loose with the facts in some of your other statements, however. I've never been a big fan of the super-stealthy hypothesis, and the truth is that some post-1940s sightings, including a recent report from Arkansas, have come from vehicles. That particular sighting was ridiculed here for that very reason. Your flat statement that the IBWO was/is not adaptable is unproven, and even though Tanner may have said so, it is unsupported by what we do know about the species. Habitat in South Florida is quite different from habitat in Arkansas or, for that matter, in Ohio or Kentucky, where archaelogical and historical evidence, respectively, indicates IBWOs were, at the very least, visitors. This expansive range, in terms of both habitat and climate, is strong evidence that the IBWO was/is more adaptable than Tanner and others have suggested.
As for the "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" canard, invoked again by another poster, it was fatuous when Carl Sagan said it about ETs, and it's even more fatuous when it's used by certain skeptics as a cudgel. Here's why. On the evidence side of the statement: evidence, by its very nature, is ordinary -- it may be circumstantial; it may be physical; it may be eyewitness, etc., but it's all the product of human efforts at collecting it, and it's all utterly commonplace, whatever the discipline. The term "extraordinary evidence" is exceedingly vague and subject to endless recalibration. I haven't gone back and reviewed the original statement, and it may be that Sagan had something specific in mind; perhaps he meant an "extraodinary quantity of evidence," or perhaps he meant an actual alien spacecraft. Whatever he meant, this was essentially a glib soundbyte, not the expression of a clear, scientific standard of proof.
Regarding the "extraordinary claims" side of the equation, I agree that claims the Earth is being visited by alien spacecraft (as opposed to the claim that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe) and that giant, hominid bipeds are roaming North America are extraordinary, when there's nothing in the fossil record to support the latter claim and no physical evidence to support the former one. Conversely, the survival and rediscovery of species presumed extinct (sometimes for millions of years) is in fact rather commonplace, sometimes even in highly populated areas. Are most of these species as big and dramatic looking as the IBWO, no, but I venture to say that most of those species have not been sighted nearly as frequently as has the IBWO over the last sixty years. The ease with which skeptics reject those sightings as the product of confusion with the PIWO actually cuts both ways; it provides a pretty good basis for explaining how the IBWO might have survived "under the radar."
As I've stated elsewhere, I think the question of how a large enough breeding population or populations could have survived undetected for so long is the strongest argument for extinction, but I don't think it's by any means an overwhelming one. There's some thought-provoking theorizing going on about this over at ibwo.net.
You're playing a bit fast and loose with the facts in some of your other statements, however. I've never been a big fan of the super-stealthy hypothesis, and the truth is that some post-1940s sightings, including a recent report from Arkansas, have come from vehicles. That particular sighting was ridiculed here for that very reason. Your flat statement that the IBWO was/is not adaptable is unproven, and even though Tanner may have said so, it is unsupported by what we do know about the species. Habitat in South Florida is quite different from habitat in Arkansas or, for that matter, in Ohio or Kentucky, where archaelogical and historical evidence, respectively, indicates IBWOs were, at the very least, visitors. This expansive range, in terms of both habitat and climate, is strong evidence that the IBWO was/is more adaptable than Tanner and others have suggested.
As for the "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" canard, invoked again by another poster, it was fatuous when Carl Sagan said it about ETs, and it's even more fatuous when it's used by certain skeptics as a cudgel. Here's why. On the evidence side of the statement: evidence, by its very nature, is ordinary -- it may be circumstantial; it may be physical; it may be eyewitness, etc., but it's all the product of human efforts at collecting it, and it's all utterly commonplace, whatever the discipline. The term "extraordinary evidence" is exceedingly vague and subject to endless recalibration. I haven't gone back and reviewed the original statement, and it may be that Sagan had something specific in mind; perhaps he meant an "extraodinary quantity of evidence," or perhaps he meant an actual alien spacecraft. Whatever he meant, this was essentially a glib soundbyte, not the expression of a clear, scientific standard of proof.
Regarding the "extraordinary claims" side of the equation, I agree that claims the Earth is being visited by alien spacecraft (as opposed to the claim that intelligent life exists elsewhere in the universe) and that giant, hominid bipeds are roaming North America are extraordinary, when there's nothing in the fossil record to support the latter claim and no physical evidence to support the former one. Conversely, the survival and rediscovery of species presumed extinct (sometimes for millions of years) is in fact rather commonplace, sometimes even in highly populated areas. Are most of these species as big and dramatic looking as the IBWO, no, but I venture to say that most of those species have not been sighted nearly as frequently as has the IBWO over the last sixty years. The ease with which skeptics reject those sightings as the product of confusion with the PIWO actually cuts both ways; it provides a pretty good basis for explaining how the IBWO might have survived "under the radar."
John Mariani said:You asked a question in the middle there, so I'll attempt to answer it.
For small numbers of Ivory-billed Woodpeckers to have survived unconfirmed since the 1940s (in Louisiana) or even longer in other southern states (decades longer in some cases) would require the existence of breeding populations. This means multiple pairs. It is rather unlikely that populations (plural if we believe all the credible observers) of multiple pairs would go undiscovered for so long - by discovery meaning someone would notice the giant woodpeckers flying around and a nest or nests would be located.
To explain how these large birds have managed to stay under the radar for so long we have to believe that they are extremely wary of man and inhabit only wilderness areas where birders don't go. We are told that birders don't see them because to get close enough to see one requires extreme stealth, camo clothing, etc. The reason I find this extremely unlikely is that it would mean that Ivory-billed Woodpeckers are totally unlike any other woodpecker (or any other bird really) in behavior. There is no species that I need to wear camo to see. If a tree is good to feed in it wouldn't matter whether it is in pristine forest or on the edge of a road - that isn't something birds care much about. If there are IBWOs out there we should be seeing them along roads, powerline cuts, etc. And there is no reason to believe that they would be any more wary than a Pileated Woodpecker or any other Campephilus. Historically IBWOs were not so wary that they couldn't be hunted successfully. The argument that this made the survivors super-wary simply doesn't make sense, since hunting pressure has lessened and couldn't be any greater on IBWOs than on Pileated and other woodpeckers that we can readily observe. People who knew the Ivory-billed wrote that they called frequently...it has been suggested that they have become quiter these days to conceal their presence. Again, not very likely. The claimed difficulty of finding IBWOs depends on their being much more shy and furtive than other birds...even rails!. Real birds don't ALWAYS fly away before they can be studied and aren't always on the wrong side of the tree - and that includes other large woodpeckers.
About being adaptable...Ivory-billed Woodpecker was not. Within historic times it was never very common, and disappeared rapidly wherever man reduced its mature forest habitat. Last CONFIRMED US population of Ivory-bills vanished circa 1944. Last CONFIRMED sighting of Imperial Woodpecker (a very closely related species) was in the mid-1950s. Last CONFIRMED sightings of Cuban Ivory-bills was in the late 1980s. All these populations vanished within a historically short span of time. They could not adapt.
Last edited: