Trait evolution in passerine bird clades (1 Viewer)

ANNA G. PHILLIPS, TILL TÖPFER, KATRIN BÖHNING-GAESE and SUSANNE A. FRITZ, 2020

Rates of ecomorphological trait evolution in passerine bird clades are independent of age

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2020, XX, 1–15. With 3 figures.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz198
https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/biolinnean/blz198/5710861

Abstract:

Although the links between species richness and diversification rates with clade age have been studied extensively, few studies have investigated the relationship between the rates of trait evolution and clade age. The rate of morphological trait evolution has repeatedly been shown to vary through time, as expected, for example, for adaptive radiations, but the strength and sources of this variation are not well understood. We compare the relationship between the rates of trait evolution and clade age across eight monophyletic clades of passerine birds by investigating ecomorphological traits, i.e. morphological traits that influence the ecology of the species directly. We study the ecomorphological divergence pattern using analyses of the disparity through time and determine the best-fitting model of evolution for each trait in each clade. We find no support for a consistent dependence of evolutionary rates on clade age across wing, tail, tarsus and beak shape in our eight clades and also show that early burst models of trait evolution are rarely the best-fitting models within these clades. These results suggest that key innovations or adaptive radiations might be less common evolutionary patterns and processes than generally thought or might depend on the taxonomic level investigated.

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Fred

SUPPORTING INFORMATION
Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher’s web-site.
Table S1. List of species included in this study, including the catalogue number of each specimen measured and
the collection from which they were obtained. Species are listed following IOC taxonomy v.5.01 (Gill & Donsker, 2015). Species for which no GenBank sequences were available are underlined. Abbreviations: NHMT, Natural History Museum, Tring, UK; NMVM: Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; ZFMK, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany; ZMUC, Statens Naturhistoriske Museum, Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Table S2. Morphological disparity for each clade.
Table S3. Calibration details of the estimated phylogenies for each clade.
Table S4. Support for evolutionary models for each species characteristic across clades.
Table S5. Testing model adequacy.
Table S6. Rates of trait evolution and attraction strengths of each trait across all clades.
Figure S1. Relationship between rates of evolutionary change and functional dispersion of each clade.
Figure S2. Maximum clade credibility trees of each clade.
Figure S3. Marginalized rate estimates of wing, bill and tarsus shape, and body mass evolution in the
Cardinalidae clade.
Figure S4. Marginalized rate estimates of wing, bill and tarsus shape, and body mass evolution in the Corvus clade.
Figure S5. Marginalized rate estimates of wing, bill and tarsus shape, and body mass evolution in the
Hirundinidae clade.
Figure S6. Marginalized rate estimates of wing, bill and tarsus shape, and body mass evolution in the
Oenanthe–Monticola clade.
Figure S7. Marginalized rate estimates of wing, bill and tarsus shape, and body mass evolution in the
Setophaga–Myiothlypis clade.
Figure S8. Marginalized rate estimates of wing, bill and tarsus shape, and body mass evolution in the Turdus clade.
Figure S9. Marginalized rate estimates of wing, bill and tarsus shape, and body mass evolution in the
Xolmiini clade.
Figure S10. Marginalized rate estimates of wing, bill and tarsus shape, and body mass evolution in the Vireonidae clade.

SHARED DATA
All phylogenetic trees are available on TreeBase: http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S23275

Fred