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<blockquote data-quote="Steve Dudley" data-source="post: 1709550" data-attributes="member: 5172"><p>A very interesting paper Ed. Mikkola also mentioned competition with Peregrine for nest sites, so this 2006 paper goes to support this. Mikkola suggests EOs are able to co-exist with larger raptor species such as White-tailed and Golden Eagles (which are the only known predators of EO, but with only five known incidents to 1983, leading to Mikkola stating that the only real predator EO has is man). There is one occasion where EO was suspected of predating the large young from a White-tailed Eagle eyrie.</p><p></p><p>For those who dont have Mikkola, he has a summary table of diurnal raptors preyed upon by EO (the species order is as per Mikkola) -</p><p></p><p>Red Kite 2</p><p>Goshawk 55</p><p>Rough-legged Buzzard 18</p><p>Accipiter sp. 2</p><p>Osprey 8</p><p>Honey-buzzard 12</p><p>Buteo or Pernis sp. 4</p><p>Common Buzzard 327</p><p>Buteo sp. 2</p><p>Black Kite 1</p><p>Gyr Falcon 1</p><p>Booted Eagle 1</p><p>Hen Harrier 1</p><p>Peregrine 22</p><p>Saker 3</p><p>Montagu's Harrier 3</p><p>Sparrowhawk 35</p><p>Hobby 3</p><p>Common Kestrel 194</p><p>Merlin 5 </p><p>Falco sp. 4</p><p></p><p>In addition, he has a separate table for owls as follows -</p><p></p><p>Great Grey 1</p><p>Snowy 4</p><p>Ural 6</p><p>Hawk 17</p><p>Tawny 286</p><p>Short-eared 42</p><p>Long-eared 798</p><p>Barn 46</p><p>Tangmalm's 36</p><p>Little 48</p><p>Scops 7</p><p>Pygmy 3</p><p></p><p>Interesting that the two species with the highest levels of predation are the two larger nocturnal (as opposed to crepuscular) species (EO being a largely nocturnal hunter). LEO doesn't surprise me as accessible nests would be left unattended by the adults each night when they are off hunting.</p><p></p><p>He doesn't indicate over what period these figures have been collated.</p><p></p><p>Ficedula - I'm not sure you could demonstrate what 'substantial harm' EO would have on the British avifauna without allowing the species to establish in order to measure the impact. It is already known that the remains of a breeding female Hen Harrier was found near the nest of the Forest of Bowland EOs in 2007.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Steve Dudley, post: 1709550, member: 5172"] A very interesting paper Ed. Mikkola also mentioned competition with Peregrine for nest sites, so this 2006 paper goes to support this. Mikkola suggests EOs are able to co-exist with larger raptor species such as White-tailed and Golden Eagles (which are the only known predators of EO, but with only five known incidents to 1983, leading to Mikkola stating that the only real predator EO has is man). There is one occasion where EO was suspected of predating the large young from a White-tailed Eagle eyrie. For those who dont have Mikkola, he has a summary table of diurnal raptors preyed upon by EO (the species order is as per Mikkola) - Red Kite 2 Goshawk 55 Rough-legged Buzzard 18 Accipiter sp. 2 Osprey 8 Honey-buzzard 12 Buteo or Pernis sp. 4 Common Buzzard 327 Buteo sp. 2 Black Kite 1 Gyr Falcon 1 Booted Eagle 1 Hen Harrier 1 Peregrine 22 Saker 3 Montagu's Harrier 3 Sparrowhawk 35 Hobby 3 Common Kestrel 194 Merlin 5 Falco sp. 4 In addition, he has a separate table for owls as follows - Great Grey 1 Snowy 4 Ural 6 Hawk 17 Tawny 286 Short-eared 42 Long-eared 798 Barn 46 Tangmalm's 36 Little 48 Scops 7 Pygmy 3 Interesting that the two species with the highest levels of predation are the two larger nocturnal (as opposed to crepuscular) species (EO being a largely nocturnal hunter). LEO doesn't surprise me as accessible nests would be left unattended by the adults each night when they are off hunting. He doesn't indicate over what period these figures have been collated. Ficedula - I'm not sure you could demonstrate what 'substantial harm' EO would have on the British avifauna without allowing the species to establish in order to measure the impact. It is already known that the remains of a breeding female Hen Harrier was found near the nest of the Forest of Bowland EOs in 2007. [/QUOTE]
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