Fred Ruhe
Well-known member
Axel H Newton & Craig A. Smith, 2020
Regulation of vertebrate forelimb development and wing reduction in the flightless emu.
Developmental Dynamics (advance online publication)
doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.288
https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.288
Free pdf:
https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/dvdy.288
Abstract:
The vertebrate limb is a dynamic structure that has evolved into many diverse forms to facilitate complex behavioural adaptations. The principle molecular and cellular processes that underlie development of the vertebrate limb are well characterised. However, how these processes are altered to drive differential limb development between vertebrates is less well understood. Several vertebrate models are being utilized to determine the developmental basis of differential limb morphogenesis, though these typically focus on later patterning of the established limb bud and may not represent the complete developmental trajectory. Particularly, heterochronic limb development can occur prior to limb outgrowth and patterning but receives little attention. This review summarises the developmental regulation of vertebrate forelimb diversity, with particular focus on wing reduction in the flightless emu as a model for studying limb heterochrony. These studies highlight that wing reduction is complex, with heterochronic cellular and genetic events influencing the major stages of limb development. Together, these studies provide a broader picture of how different limb morphologies may be established during development.
Enjoy,
Fred
Regulation of vertebrate forelimb development and wing reduction in the flightless emu.
Developmental Dynamics (advance online publication)
doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.288
https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dvdy.288
Free pdf:
https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/dvdy.288
Abstract:
The vertebrate limb is a dynamic structure that has evolved into many diverse forms to facilitate complex behavioural adaptations. The principle molecular and cellular processes that underlie development of the vertebrate limb are well characterised. However, how these processes are altered to drive differential limb development between vertebrates is less well understood. Several vertebrate models are being utilized to determine the developmental basis of differential limb morphogenesis, though these typically focus on later patterning of the established limb bud and may not represent the complete developmental trajectory. Particularly, heterochronic limb development can occur prior to limb outgrowth and patterning but receives little attention. This review summarises the developmental regulation of vertebrate forelimb diversity, with particular focus on wing reduction in the flightless emu as a model for studying limb heterochrony. These studies highlight that wing reduction is complex, with heterochronic cellular and genetic events influencing the major stages of limb development. Together, these studies provide a broader picture of how different limb morphologies may be established during development.
Enjoy,
Fred