D. Synthesis
For decades, many individuals and organizations have searched for the IBWO in its
historic range throughout the southeastern United States. This review of the status of
IBWO revealed no conclusive evidence that a population of IBWOs survived within the
historic range of the species. Decline of mature forested habitat with a high percentage of
recently dead or dying trees and widespread collection of the species led to the
extirpation of the population sometime after the 1940s. Although there have been many
sightings reported over the years since the last agreed upon sighting in 1944, there is
much debate over the validity of these reports. Furthermore, there is no objective
evidence (e.g., clear photographs, feathers of demonstrated recent origin, specimens, etc.)
of the continued existence of the species. Thus, we recommend that the ivory-billed
woodpecker (Campephilus principalis), as originally listed in 1967, be delisted based on
extinction.