A new prey-detection mechanism for kiwi (Apteryx spp.) suggests convergent evolution between paleognathous and neognathous birds
J Anat. 2007 October; 211(4): 493–502.
(...) unusual feature, combined with the ‘snuffling’ sound (...)
Probably brown kiwi Apteryx australis was split in 3 species - the North Island brown kiwi Apteryx mantelli, the Okarito brown kiwi (Rowi) Apteryx rowi and southern brown kiwi (Tokoeka) Apteryx australis. But there are two other species of kiwi (!).from which species it had been split
What probably means, that kiwi and moa evolved independetly - New Zealand most likely was colonized twice by ancestors of ratite birds.The Guardian, 19 Dec 2013: Kiwi bird could have Australian roots, says expert after fossil discovery
Digby, Bell & Teal (in press). Vocal individuality of Little Spotted Kiwi (Apteryx owenii). Emu. [abstract]Ramstad, Colbourne, Robertson, Allendorf & Daugherty 2013. Genetic consequences of a century of protection: serial founder events and survival of the little spotted kiwi (Apteryx owenii). Proc R Soc B 280(1762). [abstract]