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Message: <blockquote data-quote="l_raty" data-source="post: 3219445" data-attributes="member: 24811">For what it's worth, there have been a couple of studies which addressed the geographical genetic variation in Lesser Kestrel, but with the geographical scope typically limited to (at most) Europe-Kazakhstan. Eg.:<ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Wink M, Sauer-Gürth H, Pepler D. 2004. Phylogeographic relationships of the Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) in breeding and wintering quarters inferred from nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. In: Chancelor RD, Meyburg B-U (eds.), WWGBP, Berlin. [<a href="http://www.uni-heidelberg.de/institute/fak14/ipmb/phazb/pubwink/2004/29.2004.pdf" target="_blank">pdf</a>]</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Alcaide M, Edwards SV, Negro JJ, Serrano D, Tella JL. 2008. Extensive polymorphism and geographical variation at a positively selected MHC class II B gene of the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni). Mol. Ecol., 17: 2652–2665. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03791.x" target="_blank">doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03791.x</a> [<a href="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/5359989" target="_blank">pdf</a>]</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Rodríguez A, Alcaide M, Negro JJ, Pilard P. 2011: Using major histocompatibility complex markers to assign the geographic origin of migratory birds: examples from the threatened lesser kestrel. Anim. Conserv., 14: 306–313. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00431.x" target="_blank">doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00431.x</a> [<a href="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/230538827" target="_blank">pdf</a>]</li> </ul> <ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">(Wink M, El-Sayed A-A, Gonzalez J. [unpublished.] Phylogenetic relationships of Falconidae based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.)</li> </ul>(The dataset of the last one <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/?term=falco+naumanni[organism]+Wink+El-Sayed+Gonzalez" target="_blank">is in GenBank</a> since 2008, but the work remains unpublished. It includes 1 bird from Spain, 1 from Italy, 1 from Israel, and 2 from Kazakhstan.)The two F. naumanni sampled by Fuchs et al. 2015 were respectively from Israel and Mongolia.<ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Fuchs J., Johnson JA, Mindelll DP. 2015. Rapid diversification of falcons (Aves: Falconidae) due to expansion of open habitats in the Late Miocene. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 82: 166–182. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.010" target="_blank">doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.010</a> [<a href="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266248448" target="_blank">pdf</a>] (pdf link seems broken right now, though)</li> </ul>BOLD has three barcodes (with pics of the specimens):<ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">a <a href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=KBPBU080-06" target="_blank">male from E Mongolia</a>;</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">a <a href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=KBPBU081-06" target="_blank">female from E Mongolia</a>; and</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">a <a href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_RecordView?processid=BON439-07" target="_blank">2CY male from Norway</a> collected in 1996 on a ship in the middle of the Barents sea.</li> </ul>The Mongolian birds have identical barcodes, the Norwegian bird is just one substitution away from them (0.14%)--but it is more than probably unsafe to assume that this bird is of European origin.Is it possible to guess an origin based on plumage features, with a bird of this age?I find no data from China.</blockquote>

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