Tim Allwood said:
no opinions from me
just passing on comments from two ornithologists already made in the public domain
try
http://www.surfbirds.com/phorum/read.php?f=6&i=6031&t=6026
and try this for a refutation: (just cos Mr Duchamp says no one has refuted it, doesn't make it so). From Mr Moore as above, already available in the public domain
Stan Moore said:
Rather than deal in hyperbole and pseudo-science,
let's look at what we know about the Scottish golden
eagle population. We know there are now between 400
and 450 territorial pairs and we know that Scottish
golden eagles reproduce annually somewhere between .30
chicks per territorial pair and .70 chicks per
territorial pair. The population is approximately at
equilibrium, which means that annually about as many
eagles die as are born.
Yes let's not deal in hyperbole and pseudo-science, A pair of Golden Eagles don't manage to rear 0.70 young every year, in fact some years they don't manage any young at all, there are many factors that determine the success or otherwise of the pair, weather plays a large part, food availability another. The population has barely changed for years although there are suitable areas in many places where spare birds could set up territories, but shepherds and bad keepers keep them out. Many of these areas were previously Eagle territories historically. It takes on average 5 years for adult Golden Eagles to reproduce one young to breeding success, many of the young that are produced will never find an unoccupied territory in their lifetime and will probably die of old age (or other), without ever having bred! If the number of territories available are reduced even further, then even more birds will die without breeding.
_____________________
Stan Moore said:
Let's put this into real numbers, using a
hypothetical, but reasonable figure of 420 territorial
pairs and .5 chicks per pair produced per year. That
means that 210 baby eagles are produced each year, and
a population at approximate equilibrium will then lose
about the same number of birds, or 210 fatalities per
year.
Quote from a recent Raptor report for 2005:
Golden Eagle:
Argyll - Only 5 young reared.
Central Scotland - Only 3 young reared
Dumfries and Galloway - None reared.
Highland - 15 young fledged.
Tayside - 2 successfull.
Uist - A total of 8 young reared.
Total = 33 young fledged!
If we are generous and add say another 200% for other areas and missed nests etc, it still makes the total young fledged far less than the 210 quoted.
_____________________
Stan Moore said:
The loss of two or three, or even twenty or thirty
birds to wind turbines does not necessarily result in
extirpation by any means. Are the wind turbine
fatalities additive to natural mortality or
compensatory; in other words, how many eagles that die
from turbine collisions would have died from other
causes, including persecution, accidents during the
pre-adult period, starvation, or any one of a number
of other possible causes?
So we are to condone and accept the loss of 30 Eagles to wind turbines are we, is that the total for the so-called 25 year life span of thousands of turbines or is it the annual cull rate. I would think adding the natural fatalities of adult Eagles to this cull rate would be insignificant, a Golden Eagle who has a reasonable territory with a reasonable food supply could expect to live for 30 years or more, that is without the persecution of man. The number of Eagles that die from collision with wind turbines are in addition to the natural fatalities and other causes that are happening at present. That is if we have 30 dying from natural causes and another 30 dying from turbine kill it makes a total of 60!!
______________________
Stan Moore said:
What is the impact of fatalities on the overall
population due to density/dependence issues? For
instance, if a floater eagle or subadult eagle dies
and no longer competes with a local territorial pair
for food resources, does this allow for increased
reproduction from that pair? How many eagle pairs
might increase annual productivity if there were less
eagles to compete for scarce food resources in managed
moorlands or forested areas?
The fatalities will have little impact on the overall density of Eagle populations, the density will already have been reduced because of territories no longer being available to them due to the building of windfarms. Eagles don't increase reproduction, they still have only 2 eggs per year, (some years they don't even lay), only one of which usually reaches the fledging stage, as was said before, it takes aprrox 5 years for an Eagle to reproduce itself. If an Eagles territory is no longer available to it then it may survive for a few years wandering about, however, it most unlikely to breed again. Eagles generally set up a territory for life, when it dies another (floater) will move in, it may take up with the original mate (female or male), or it may set itself up with a completely new mate. Some of the so-called floaters may never have a territory of their own and may be tolerated as free hunters by the resident pair.
__________________________
Stan Moore said:
If a population at equilibrium starts to decline, does
it decline to zero at a fixed mortality rate, or does
it find equilibrium at a lower population level?
Who knows what happens when the population starts to decline, it's never happened before in this country. It can only find equilibrium at a lower level if there are enough suitable hunting and breeding territories left available after all the windfarms have taken their toll.
__________________________
Stan Moore said:
There is no reason to believe that an increase in
mortality of the Scottish eagle population due to wind
turbine impacts will result in the extirpation of the
entire population. The numbers do not demonstrate
this. The overall population size could be somewhat
reduced and achieve equilibrium at a lower level, or
the population could increase, depending on how the
loss of individual birds impacts breeding performance
of existing territorial pairs. In fact, IF HABITAT
ENHANCEMENT OCCURS IN CONJUNCTION WITH WIND FARM
DEVELOPMENT AND THUS PRODUCES AN INCREASE IN FOOD
SUPPLY FOR EXISTING TERRITORIAL PAIRS, THERE COULD BE
A NET INCREASE IN THE GOLDEN EAGLE POPULATION DUE TO
WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT.
Once again you are condoning the culling (reducing the levels). You totally miss the point regarding the requirements of Golden Eagles to hunt and breed successfully on their own chosen territory (many are handed down for centuries, if not millennium), reducing the number of birds will not make more room for the remainder to expand their population, they can't, the territories they need to survive will have gone under windfarms! Habitat enhancement, where? Eagles require certain types of remote, wild habitat, HOW? As has been said before, Eagles don't usually displace to distant territories, whilst they might move a few miles to another suitable cliff nearby within their own hunting territory, it is highly doubtful they will move to a completely new unfamiliar territory many miles away.
If the Golden Eagle population is unable to increase naturally due to our persecution of these birds already, then how is it supposed to expand when we've removed a large portion of it's natural habitat for windfarms? The building of windfarms destroys the natural habitat and bars the natural passage of birds to their hunting and feeding grounds, how then is this enhancing the habitat? Eagles are totally territory dependant, remove the territory and the Eagles go also!
_________________________
Stan Moore said:
In conclusion, persons unfamiliar with population
ecology of raptors cannot be expected to reach sound
conclusions regarding such matters. Population
impacts are affected by more than fatalities. We have
already seen cases of Scottish eagle biologists
working with government and industry to actually
enhance habitat quality as part of the
planning/development process. What is needed is
expert scrutiny and expert monitoring and expert
consulting to look after the interests of the Scottish
golden eagle population. Scotland is home to some
very outstanding and committed conservation biologists
and organizations who are engaged in such work.
The Golden and White-tailed Eagles are a totally different ball game to the majority of the other Raptors, their territorial requirements are unique in the UK, they require vast, very sparsely populated areas in which to hunt and raise their young (15-20 square miles), it is highly unlikely that we could enhance any of the habitat leftover from the windfarms to the liking of the Eagles. What is required is a committment from our environmental protection agencies and societies to enforce what is already a legal requirement for the protection of the existing Eagle territories and SSSI's, and to safeguard them for posterity. The other areas earmarked for Eagle habitat enhancement could be used for building windfarms, leaving the original territories in peace. The committed conservation biologists and organizations already have the full details of the breeding successes or otherwise, and the habitat requirements of our Eagles and other special birds that live in these remote Scottish Highland places, the data is well documented and well known, it should be put to good use in the protection of our Eagles, not re-written to prove suitability for windfarms. The Eagles and the environment are already protected under legislated law, if it was thought crucial then to legislate and protect these species and places by law, what has happened since that is so radical as to change the status quo. Has there been new legislation removing the legal protection, if so, where can we see a copy of it?
__________________________________________
Tim Allwood said:
:
Mark, work with them not against them...
But most of them have already put their cards on the table and come out in favour of windfarms, how does this help to save the Eagles.
Tim
nirofo.