m (African Green-Pigeon moved to African Green Pigeon) |
(→References: Added link for "Africa Bird Guide") |
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− | [[Image:AfrGreenPigeon_juninho_UluKenya.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|juninho|juninho}}<br /> | + | [[Image:AfrGreenPigeon_juninho_UluKenya.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Subspecies ''T. c. wakefieldii''<br />Photo © by {{user|juninho|juninho}}<br /> Ulu, [[Kenya]], 29 July 2005]] |
− | ;[[:Category:Treron|Treron]] calva | + | ;[[:Category:Treron|Treron]] calva<br /> |
+ | ''Treron calvus'' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
+ | [[Image:STH 9291.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Subspecies ''T. c. gibberifrons''<br />Photo © by {{user|volker+sthamer|volker sthamer}}<br />Entebbe, [[Uganda]], 21 July 2018]] | ||
+ | 25–30 cm (9¾-11¾ in) | ||
*Grey-green to yellowish-green upperparts | *Grey-green to yellowish-green upperparts | ||
*Yellow thighs | *Yellow thighs | ||
Line 7: | Line 10: | ||
*White-tipped red bill | *White-tipped red bill | ||
*Red feet | *Red feet | ||
+ | ====Variations==== | ||
+ | Both subspecies ''salvadorii'' and ''gibberifrons'' have large red [[Topography#Heads|ceres]]; however, the one belonging to ''gibberifrons'', as well as being even larger, is also brighter. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Widespread in sub-Saharan [[Africa]]<br /> | Widespread in sub-Saharan [[Africa]]<br /> | ||
Line 15: | Line 20: | ||
'''African Islands''': Gulf of Guinea Islands, [[Bioko]] (Fernando Po), Sao Tome, Principe | '''African Islands''': Gulf of Guinea Islands, [[Bioko]] (Fernando Po), Sao Tome, Principe | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
− | ''Treron calvus'' has | + | [[Image:African_Green_Pigeon.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Subspecies ''T. c. nudirostris''<br />Photo © by {{user|Reini|Reini}}<br /> Lamin fields, [[The Gambia]], November 2005]] |
+ | ====Subspecies==== | ||
+ | ''Treron calvus'' has 16 subspecies:<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | ||
*''T. c. nudirostris'' | *''T. c. nudirostris'' | ||
:*[[Senegal]] to [[Gambia]] and [[Guinea-Bissau]] | :*[[Senegal]] to [[Gambia]] and [[Guinea-Bissau]] | ||
− | |||
*''T. c. sharpei'' | *''T. c. sharpei'' | ||
:*[[Sierra Leone]] to southern [[Nigeria]] and northern [[Cameroon]] | :*[[Sierra Leone]] to southern [[Nigeria]] and northern [[Cameroon]] | ||
Line 25: | Line 31: | ||
*''T. c. poensis'' | *''T. c. poensis'' | ||
:*[[Bioko]] | :*[[Bioko]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. virescens'': | ||
+ | :*Principe Island (Gulf of Guinea) | ||
*''T. c. uellensis'' | *''T. c. uellensis'' | ||
:*Northern [[Zaire]] to southern [[Sudan]] and [[Uganda]] | :*Northern [[Zaire]] to southern [[Sudan]] and [[Uganda]] | ||
− | *''T. c. | + | *''T. c. brevicera'' |
:*South-western [[Ethiopia]] to northern [[Tanzania]] east of the Rift Valley | :*South-western [[Ethiopia]] to northern [[Tanzania]] east of the Rift Valley | ||
*''T. c. salvadorii'' | *''T. c. salvadorii'' | ||
:*[[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]] and [[Burundi]] to eastern [[DRC]] | :*[[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]] and [[Burundi]] to eastern [[DRC]] | ||
− | *''T. c. | + | *''T. c. gibberifrons'': |
− | :* | + | :*South-eastern [[South Sudan]] south to the Lake Victoria Basin in [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], western [[Burundi]], western [[Kenya]], and north-western [[Tanzania]] |
*''T. c. wakefieldii'' | *''T. c. wakefieldii'' | ||
− | :*Coastal [[Kenya]] and north- | + | :*Coastal [[Kenya]] and north-eastern [[Tanzania]] |
− | |||
− | |||
*''T. c. orientalis'' | *''T. c. orientalis'' | ||
:*Southern [[Tanzania]] and northern [[Mozambique]] | :*Southern [[Tanzania]] and northern [[Mozambique]] | ||
*''T. c. schalowi'' | *''T. c. schalowi'' | ||
− | :* | + | :*Eastern [[Angola]], north-eastern [[Namibia]], northern [[Botswana]], and north-western [[Zimbabwe]] |
− | |||
− | |||
*''T. c. ansorgei'' | *''T. c. ansorgei'' | ||
:*Western [[Angola]] | :*Western [[Angola]] | ||
*''T. c. vylderi'' | *''T. c. vylderi'' | ||
:*North-western [[Namibia]] | :*North-western [[Namibia]] | ||
− | |||
− | |||
*''T. c. delalandii'' | *''T. c. delalandii'' | ||
:*Coastal [[Kenya]] to south-eastern [[South Africa]] | :*Coastal [[Kenya]] to south-eastern [[South Africa]] | ||
+ | *''T. c. granti'' | ||
+ | :*Lowlands of eastern [[Tanzania]] and [[Zanzibar]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | The last two subspecies are sometimes separated as Grey-breasted Green-Pigeon | ||
+ | |||
+ | Subspecies ''damarensis'' and ''chobiensis'' are no longer recognised and have been included in ''T. c. schalowi''. Additionally, subspecies ''granviki'' is now subsumed into ''T. c. gibberifrons''. | ||
+ | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Forests, bushveld, savanna; always associated with fruiting trees, especially figs. | Forests, bushveld, savanna; always associated with fruiting trees, especially figs. | ||
Line 56: | Line 65: | ||
Arboreal. | Arboreal. | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
− | The diet | + | The diet consists almost entirely of fruit and berries, particularly figs. |
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
The nest is a frail platform of coarse twigs and leaves. 1-2 eggs are laid and incubated for 13 days. | The nest is a frail platform of coarse twigs and leaves. 1-2 eggs are laid and incubated for 13 days. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
− | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#[https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=001465742A76224D Avibase] |
− | #Africa Bird Guide | + | #[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/africa_green_pigeon.html Africa Bird Guide] |
+ | #BF Member observations | ||
+ | #Baptista, L.F., Trail, P.W., Horblit, H.M., Kirwan, G.M. & Garcia, E.F.J. (2018). African Green-pigeon (''Treron calvus''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/54300 on 13 December 2018). | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
+ | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
− | {{GSearch|Treron+ | + | {{GSearch|Treron+calv}} |
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Treron]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Treron]] |
Revision as of 01:17, 13 December 2018
- Treron calva
Treron calvus
Identification
25–30 cm (9¾-11¾ in)
- Grey-green to yellowish-green upperparts
- Yellow thighs
- Mauve patches on the top of the wing
- White-tipped red bill
- Red feet
Variations
Both subspecies salvadorii and gibberifrons have large red ceres; however, the one belonging to gibberifrons, as well as being even larger, is also brighter.
Distribution
Widespread in sub-Saharan Africa
Western Africa: Mauritania, Senegambia, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola
Eastern Africa: Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zanzibar, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi
Southern Africa: Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe
South Africa: KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland
African Islands: Gulf of Guinea Islands, Bioko (Fernando Po), Sao Tome, Principe
Taxonomy
Subspecies
Treron calvus has 16 subspecies:[1]
- T. c. nudirostris
- Senegal to Gambia and Guinea-Bissau
- T. c. sharpei
- Sierra Leone to southern Nigeria and northern Cameroon
- T. c. calvus
- T. c. poensis
- T. c. virescens:
- Principe Island (Gulf of Guinea)
- T. c. uellensis
- T. c. brevicera
- T. c. salvadorii
- T. c. gibberifrons:
- T. c. wakefieldii
- T. c. orientalis
- Southern Tanzania and northern Mozambique
- T. c. schalowi
- T. c. ansorgei
- Western Angola
- T. c. vylderi
- North-western Namibia
- T. c. delalandii
- Coastal Kenya to south-eastern South Africa
- T. c. granti
The last two subspecies are sometimes separated as Grey-breasted Green-Pigeon
Subspecies damarensis and chobiensis are no longer recognised and have been included in T. c. schalowi. Additionally, subspecies granviki is now subsumed into T. c. gibberifrons.
Habitat
Forests, bushveld, savanna; always associated with fruiting trees, especially figs.
Behaviour
Arboreal.
Diet
The diet consists almost entirely of fruit and berries, particularly figs.
Breeding
The nest is a frail platform of coarse twigs and leaves. 1-2 eggs are laid and incubated for 13 days.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Avibase
- Africa Bird Guide
- BF Member observations
- Baptista, L.F., Trail, P.W., Horblit, H.M., Kirwan, G.M. & Garcia, E.F.J. (2018). African Green-pigeon (Treron calvus). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/54300 on 13 December 2018).
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) African Green Pigeon. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 23 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/African_Green_Pigeon