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Mostly tropical, with the [[Caribbean]], eastern Pacific, and Indian Ocean as main breeding grounds. All breeding grounds are islands. Subspecies ''subalaris'' breeds in the [[Galapagos]] Islands, and ''bannermani'' breeds off Japan. | Mostly tropical, with the [[Caribbean]], eastern Pacific, and Indian Ocean as main breeding grounds. All breeding grounds are islands. Subspecies ''subalaris'' breeds in the [[Galapagos]] Islands, and ''bannermani'' breeds off Japan. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | [[Heinroth's Shearwater]] and [[Persian Shearwater]] | + | [[Heinroth's Shearwater]] and [[Persian Shearwater]] have been split from Audubon's Shearwater. |
| − | Audubon's Shearwater currently has a total of 9 subspecies. Two of these are treated in detail below, the rest are: ''lherminieri'', ''loyemilleri'', ''dichrous'', ''gunax'', ''bailloni'', nicolae'', and ''temptator'' (''colstoni'' recognized by some authorities). | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| + | Audubon's Shearwater currently has a total of 9 subspecies. Two of these are treated in detail below, the rest are: ''lherminieri'', ''loyemilleri'', ''dichrous'', ''gunax'', ''bailloni'', ''nicolae'', and ''temptator'' (''colstoni'' recognized by some authorities). | ||
[[Image:Galapagos_Shearwater.jpg|thumb|350px|left|Photo by '''Momo'''<br/>Subspecies ''subalaris'']] | [[Image:Galapagos_Shearwater.jpg|thumb|350px|left|Photo by '''Momo'''<br/>Subspecies ''subalaris'']] | ||
| − | ====Status of Galapagos Shearwater ''subalaris'' ==== | + | ====Status of Galapagos Shearwater ''subalaris''==== |
According to Boegh (2007), the Galapagos Shearwater (''P. l. subalaris'') is "now known to differ strikingly both in DNA (with high support), physiology and voice from the members of the Audubon's/Little complex. Indeed, they're not even the closest relatives of the Galapagos Shearwater, which actually is closer to the Christmas Shearwater." SACC (2008) treats ''subalaris'' as a full species, citing the genetic data of Austin et al (2004) and long-ago noted morphological distinctiveness by Murphy (1927). However, Clements 6th edition (2007) and Howard & Moore (2003) retain it as a subspecies of ''lherminieri'', and the Opus follows in this consensus. | According to Boegh (2007), the Galapagos Shearwater (''P. l. subalaris'') is "now known to differ strikingly both in DNA (with high support), physiology and voice from the members of the Audubon's/Little complex. Indeed, they're not even the closest relatives of the Galapagos Shearwater, which actually is closer to the Christmas Shearwater." SACC (2008) treats ''subalaris'' as a full species, citing the genetic data of Austin et al (2004) and long-ago noted morphological distinctiveness by Murphy (1927). However, Clements 6th edition (2007) and Howard & Moore (2003) retain it as a subspecies of ''lherminieri'', and the Opus follows in this consensus. | ||
| − | ====Status of Bannerman's Shearwater ''bannermani'' ==== | + | ====Status of Bannerman's Shearwater ''bannermani''==== |
Austin et al (2004) treat ''bannermani'' as a full species based on molecular phylogeny, and are followed by Onley & Scofield (2007). Sibley & Monroe (1996) also grant it species status. However, Clements 6th edition (2007) and Howard & Moore (2003) retain it as a subspecies of ''lherminieri'', and the Opus follows in this consensus. | Austin et al (2004) treat ''bannermani'' as a full species based on molecular phylogeny, and are followed by Onley & Scofield (2007). Sibley & Monroe (1996) also grant it species status. However, Clements 6th edition (2007) and Howard & Moore (2003) retain it as a subspecies of ''lherminieri'', and the Opus follows in this consensus. | ||
| + | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
Revision as of 19:38, 29 June 2008
Includes Galapagos Shearwater and Bannerman's Shearwater
- Puffinus lherminieri
Identification
Distribution
Mostly tropical, with the Caribbean, eastern Pacific, and Indian Ocean as main breeding grounds. All breeding grounds are islands. Subspecies subalaris breeds in the Galapagos Islands, and bannermani breeds off Japan.
Taxonomy
Heinroth's Shearwater and Persian Shearwater have been split from Audubon's Shearwater.
Subspecies
Audubon's Shearwater currently has a total of 9 subspecies. Two of these are treated in detail below, the rest are: lherminieri, loyemilleri, dichrous, gunax, bailloni, nicolae, and temptator (colstoni recognized by some authorities).
Status of Galapagos Shearwater subalaris
According to Boegh (2007), the Galapagos Shearwater (P. l. subalaris) is "now known to differ strikingly both in DNA (with high support), physiology and voice from the members of the Audubon's/Little complex. Indeed, they're not even the closest relatives of the Galapagos Shearwater, which actually is closer to the Christmas Shearwater." SACC (2008) treats subalaris as a full species, citing the genetic data of Austin et al (2004) and long-ago noted morphological distinctiveness by Murphy (1927). However, Clements 6th edition (2007) and Howard & Moore (2003) retain it as a subspecies of lherminieri, and the Opus follows in this consensus.
Status of Bannerman's Shearwater bannermani
Austin et al (2004) treat bannermani as a full species based on molecular phylogeny, and are followed by Onley & Scofield (2007). Sibley & Monroe (1996) also grant it species status. However, Clements 6th edition (2007) and Howard & Moore (2003) retain it as a subspecies of lherminieri, and the Opus follows in this consensus.
