Difference between revisions of "Chestnut Munia" - BirdForum Opus

Alternative names: Southern Black-headed Munia, Chestnut Mannikin, Black-headed Mannikin

Subspecies jagori
Photo © by Karim Madoya
Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, 18 March 2005

Lonchura atricapilla

Identification

11-12cm (4¼-4¾ in)

Chestnut brown body
Black head, nape and throat
Dark iris
Pale grey bill, legs and feet

Sexes similar
Juvenile

Pale brown above
Pale underparts

Similar Species

Juvenile
Photo © by horukuru
Tuaran, Sabah, Borneo, 9 July 2010

Juvenile Scaly-breasted Munia has a black bill, not pale gray or blue-gray.

Distribution

Asia: found in China, Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Taiwan, Hong Kong
Southeast Asia: Indochina, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Greater Sundas, Sumatra, Java and Sulawesi. This species occurs as feral in several countries, for example Portugal and Hawaii.

Taxonomy

Subspecies L. a. rubronigra : image taken in the Native Range
Photo © by Alok Tewari
Dist. Jhajjar, Haryana, India, 22 August 2019

This species has in the past been lumped with Tricolored Munia.

Subspecies

Ten subspecies are recognized^[1].

L. a. rubronigra: Northern India (Haryana to northern Bihar) and lowlands of Nepal
L. a. atricapilla: South-eastern Nepal and north-eastern India to Myanmar and north-western Yunnan
L. a. deignani: South-western China (south-western Yunnan) to Thailand, Laos and Vietnam
L. a. sinensis: Peninsula Thailand, Malaya, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago and Lingga Archipelago
L. a. batakana: Mountains of northern Sumatra
L. a. formosana: Taiwan and northern Philippines
L. a. jagori: Philippines, Sulu Islands, Palawan, Borneo, Sulawesi, Muna and Butung
L. a. obscura: Borneo (Sampit region of Kalimantan)
L. a. selimbauensis: Borneo (Pontianak region of western Kalimantan)
L. a. brunneiceps: Southern Sulawesi (Makassar district)

Subspecies rubronigra was recently transferred from Tricolored Munia to this species.

Cream-bellied Munia

Cream-bellied Munia (Lonchura pallidiventer) was described in 1996 based on a bird purchased in a bird market. Later studies indicates that this probably was a result of hybridization with the maternal individual a Chestnut Munia and the paternal individual unknown.

Habitat

Open grassland, paddy fields and cultivation.

Behaviour

Breeding

A large domed nest built from grass is placed in tall grass. The clutch consists of 4-7 white eggs.

Diet

The diet includes seeds and grain.

Vocalisation

Soft contact call a clear "pee" or "peet"; loud contact call "pink!".

Movements

Resident, with local and altitudinal seasonal movements.

References

Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
Avibase
Wikipedia contributors. (2019, December 27). Chestnut munia. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:53, February 1, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chestnut_munia&oldid=932699398
Payne, R. B. & Sorenson, M.D. 2002. Museum Collections as Sources of Genetic Data. Bonner zoologische Beiträge 51(3):97-104 Paper describing DNA analysis of Cream-bellied Munia
Clement, P., A. Harris, and J. Davis. 1993. Finches and Sparrows: An Identification Guide. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, N. J.
Payne, R. (2020). Chestnut Munia (Lonchura atricapilla). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/61195 on 28 January 2020).
Pratt, H.D., Bruner, P., and Berrett, D.G. (1987) A Field Guide to the Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press.
Pyle, R.L., and P. Pyle. 2017. The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status. B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A. Version 2 (1 January 2017) http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/birds/rlp-monograph/

List of references

Recommended Citation

BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Chestnut Munia. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 16 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Chestnut_Munia

External Links

Search for photos of Chestnut Munia in the gallery

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 This species occurs as feral in several countries, for example [[Portugal]] and [[Hawaii]].
 ==Taxonomy==
-====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>====
+[[Image:tricolored_munia_2_alok.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''L. a. rubronigra'' : image taken in the Native Range<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Dist. Jhajjar, Haryana, [[India]], 22 August 2019]]
-There are 9 subspecies:
+This species has in the past been lumped with [[Tricolored Munia]].
+====Subspecies====
+Ten subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>.
+*''L. a. rubronigra'': Northern [[India]] (Haryana to northern Bihar) and lowlands of [[Nepal]]
 *''L. a. atricapilla'': South-eastern [[Nepal]] and north-eastern [[India]] to [[Myanmar]] and north-western Yunnan
 *''L. a. deignani'': South-western [[China]] (south-western Yunnan) to [[Thailand]], [[Laos]] and [[Vietnam]]
@@ Line 32: / Line 35: @@
 *''L. a. brunneiceps'': Southern Sulawesi (Makassar district)
-This species has in the past been lumped with [[Black-headed Munia]].
+Subspecies ''rubronigra'' was recently transferred from [[Tricolored Munia]] to this species.
 ====Cream-bellied Munia====
 Cream-bellied Munia (''Lonchura pallidiventer'') was described in 1996 based on a bird purchased in a bird market. Later studies indicates that this probably was a result of hybridization with the maternal individual a Chestnut Munia and the paternal individual unknown.