(→Behaviour: Added breeding and movements.) |
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| − | [[Image:1-2-S64A6676-2.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Nominate subspecies<br />Photo © by {{user|max1|max1}} <br />Cape Town, [[South Africa]], November 2017]] | + | [[Image:1-2-S64A6676-2.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Nominate subspecies<br />Photo © by {{user|max1|max1}} <br />Cape Town, [[South Africa]], 29 November 2017]] |
'''Alternative name: Hadeda Ibis''' | '''Alternative name: Hadeda Ibis''' | ||
;[[:Category:Bostrychia|Bostrychia]] hagedash | ;[[:Category:Bostrychia|Bostrychia]] hagedash | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | [[Image:IMG 9354 2 .JPG|thumb|350px|right|Adult, subspecies ''nilotica''<br />Photo © by {{user|jstanleyg|jstanleyg}}<br />Hawassa, [[Ethiopia]], May 2018]] | + | [[Image:IMG 9354 2 .JPG|thumb|350px|right|Adult, subspecies ''nilotica''<br />Photo © by {{user|jstanleyg|jstanleyg}}<br />Hawassa, [[Ethiopia]], 10 May 2018]] |
65–76 cm (25½-30 in); a stocky, dark brown ibis | 65–76 cm (25½-30 in); a stocky, dark brown ibis | ||
'''Adult''' | '''Adult''' | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | [[Image:Hadada_Ibis.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''brevirostris''<br />Photo © by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}}<br />Mandina Ba, Western Division, [[The Gambia]], March 2005]] | + | [[Image:Hadada_Ibis.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''brevirostris''<br />Photo © by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}}<br />Mandina Ba, Western Division, [[The Gambia]], 7 March 2005]] |
[[Africa]] south of the Sahara:<br /> | [[Africa]] south of the Sahara:<br /> | ||
'''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegal]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]], [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Congo]], [[Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Angola]], [[Zaire]]<br /> | '''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegal]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]], [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Congo]], [[Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Angola]], [[Zaire]]<br /> | ||
| Line 23: | Line 23: | ||
'''African Islands''': Gulf of Guinea Islands: [[Bioko]] | '''African Islands''': Gulf of Guinea Islands: [[Bioko]] | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| + | This is a [[Dictionary_P-S#P|polytypic]] species. | ||
====Subspecies==== | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| − | [[Image:810 7257-1.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Nominate subspecies<br />Photo | + | [[Image:810 7257-1.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Nominate subspecies<br />Photo © by {{user|marko.marais|marko.marais}}<br />Pretoria, [[South Africa]], 28 March 2015]] |
There are three subspecies.<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>: | There are three subspecies.<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>: | ||
*''B. h. brevirostris'' | *''B. h. brevirostris'' | ||
**[[Senegal]] to [[Kenya]] south to the Zambezi Valley | **[[Senegal]] to [[Kenya]] south to the Zambezi Valley | ||
| + | **Darker below, less gray than nominate. Wing coverts with greenish gloss, less bronzy. | ||
*''B. h. nilotica'' | *''B. h. nilotica'' | ||
**[[Sudan]] and [[Ethiopia]] to northeastern [[Zaire]], [[Uganda]], and northwestern [[Tanzania]] | **[[Sudan]] and [[Ethiopia]] to northeastern [[Zaire]], [[Uganda]], and northwestern [[Tanzania]] | ||
| + | **Similar to ''brevirostris'' but with longer bill. | ||
*''B. h. hagedash'' | *''B. h. hagedash'' | ||
**Southern [[Africa]] south of the Zambezi Valley | **Southern [[Africa]] south of the Zambezi Valley | ||
| + | **Paler and smaller billed than other races. Wings bronzy. | ||
| + | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Found mainly around permanent waters close to open forest or woodland. They are frequently found foraging on lawns | Found mainly around permanent waters close to open forest or woodland. They are frequently found foraging on lawns | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Avibase | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Avibase | ||
| + | #Brown, L.H., Urban, E.L., Newman, K. (1982) ''The Birds of Africa'', Vol. I. Academic Press. London. | ||
#HMatheu, E., del Hoyo, J., Garcia, E.F.J., Bonan, A. & Boesman, P. (2018). Hadada Ibis (Bostrychia hagedash). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/52765 on 26 June 2018). | #HMatheu, E., del Hoyo, J., Garcia, E.F.J., Bonan, A. & Boesman, P. (2018). Hadada Ibis (Bostrychia hagedash). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/52765 on 26 June 2018). | ||
#{{Ref-Hockeyetal05}}#{{Ref-SinclairHockyArlott05}} | #{{Ref-Hockeyetal05}}#{{Ref-SinclairHockyArlott05}} | ||
Revision as of 09:06, 3 July 2018
Alternative name: Hadeda Ibis
- Bostrychia hagedash
Identification
65–76 cm (25½-30 in); a stocky, dark brown ibis Adult
- White "moustache"
- Wings glossy in either greenish or purple (or sometimes both?)
- Large black bill with a red stripe on upper mandible
- Blackish legs
Juvenile and Immature lack the red stripe on the bill and the glossy color on the wings.
Similar Species
Glossy Ibis is smaller, with more delicate build, more slender bill and greenish-brown (not blackish) legs.
Distribution
Africa south of the Sahara:
Western Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Zaire
Eastern Africa: Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi
Southern Africa: Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Swaziland
African Islands: Gulf of Guinea Islands: Bioko
Taxonomy
This is a polytypic species.
Subspecies
There are three subspecies.1:
- B. h. brevirostris
- B. h. nilotica
- B. h. hagedash
- Southern Africa south of the Zambezi Valley
- Paler and smaller billed than other races. Wings bronzy.
Habitat
Found mainly around permanent waters close to open forest or woodland. They are frequently found foraging on lawns
Behaviour
Diet
Their diet consists of pupae and larval insects, as well as a variety of adult insects including spiders, crustaceans and millipedes.
Breeding
Monogamous, solitary. Nest built by one bird, probably female with material brought by mate. Platform built of sticks with central bowl of of thin twigs. Lined with grass, lichen, leaves, weeds and debris including string. Placed on fork of horizontal branch usually near or over water. Recently increased nesting in suburban parks, streets and gardens away from water. Clutch of one to five heavily streaked and blotched eggs.
Vocalisation
Both sexes have a highly distinctive, and very loud, call - haa-haa-haa-de-dah (the origin of their name "Hadada"). They are most vocal in flight at dawn and dusk when moving to and from their overnight roost.
Movements
Mostly sedentary, but nomadic in response to localized rainfall events. Young disperse from breeding area. Increased numbers at winter roosts suggest some seasonal movements.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Avibase
- Brown, L.H., Urban, E.L., Newman, K. (1982) The Birds of Africa, Vol. I. Academic Press. London.
- HMatheu, E., del Hoyo, J., Garcia, E.F.J., Bonan, A. & Boesman, P. (2018). Hadada Ibis (Bostrychia hagedash). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/52765 on 26 June 2018).
- Hockey, PAR, WRJ Dean, and PG Ryan, eds. 2005. Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa. 7th ed. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. ISBN 978-0620340533
- Sinclair, I., Hockey, P.A.R., and Arlott, N. (2005). The Larger Illustrated Guide to Birds of Southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town. ISBN 978-1775840992
- BF Member observations
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Hadada Ibis. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 20 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Hadada_Ibis
