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Difference between revisions of "Southern Double-collared Sunbird" - BirdForum Opus

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[[Image:Southern_Double-collared_Sunbird.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male Southern Double-collared Sunbird <br />Photo by {{user|Mybs|Mybs}} <br />Kirstenbosch, near Cape Town, [[South Africa]] ]]
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[[Image:Southern_Double-collared_Sunbird.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male; subspecies ''chalybeus'' <br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Mybs|Mybs}} <br />Kirstenbosch, near Cape Town, [[South Africa]] ]]
 
;[[:Category:Cinnyris|Cinnyris]] chalybeus
 
;[[:Category:Cinnyris|Cinnyris]] chalybeus
  
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Lesser Double-collared Sunbird
 
Lesser Double-collared Sunbird
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
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Length 12 cm, mass 8 g. Sexually dimorphic.  Male: Head, back, rump, throat and upper breast iridecent green.  Wings iridecent green with dark brown flight feathers. Upper tail coverts iridescent blue. Upper breast band very narrow and iridescent blue; lower breast band red. Lower breast and belly grey.<br />
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'''L. 12 cm (5"), mass 8 g.''' <br />
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'''Female''': Grey-brown, with faint olive wash on mantle and wing coverts, and olive-yellow tinge on belly, flanks and vent. Tail brownish black.
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====Male====
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*Head, back, rump, throat and upper breast [[Dictionary G-L#I|iridescent]] green.   
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*Wings iridecent green with dark brown flight feathers.  
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*Upper tail coverts [[Dictionary G-L#I|iridescent]] blue.  
 +
*Upper breast band very narrow and [[Dictionary G-L#I|iridescent]] blue
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*Lower breast band red.  
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*Lower breast and belly grey.<br />
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====Female====
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*Grey-brown, with faint olive wash on mantle and wing coverts
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*Olive-yellow tinge on belly, flanks and vent.  
 +
*Tail brownish black.
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====Eclipse Male====
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*Mainly grey-olive but retaining a metallic sheen to the lesser wing-coverts and upperparts as well as isolated metallic feathers on its head and remnant of red breast-band.
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====Juvenile====
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*Resembles female
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[[Image:2007_06_08_Female_SDC_Sunbird.jpg‎|thumb|350px|right|Female; subspecies ''subalaris''.<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Alan+Manson|Alan Manson}} <br />Pietermaritzburg, [[South Africa]] ]]
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====Similar Species====
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'''Male''' is Similar to [[Greater Double-collared Sunbird]] but smaller with shorter bill and narrower red breast band. <br />
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'''Female''' is similar to female [[Orange-breasted Sunbird]] but is greyer below and darker than female [[Dusky Sunbird]]
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
 
[[South Africa]], [[Swaziland]] and extreme southern [[Namibia]].
 
[[South Africa]], [[Swaziland]] and extreme southern [[Namibia]].
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
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[[Image:2007_06_08_Female_SDC_Sunbird.jpg‎|thumb|350px|right|Female Southern Double-collared Sunbird.<br />Photo by {{user|Alan+Manson|Alan Manson}} <br />Pietermaritzburg, [[South Africa]] ]]
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This is a [[Dictionary_P-S#P|polytypic]] species. There are three subspecies.<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>
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Most of the Sunbirds (including this one) of the genus ''Nectarinia'' have recently been moved into the genus ''Cinnyris''.  
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*''C. c. subalaris''
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:*Eastern [[South Africa]] (Eastern Cape to Limpopo) and [[Swaziland]].
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:*Longer bill, broader breast-band and darker overall than nominate; female greener and darker.
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*''C. c. albilateralis''  
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:*Northwestern [[South Africa]] (western Northern Cape).
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:*Poorly differentiated.  Not recognized by IOC<sup>[[#References|[4]]]</sup>, H&M4<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>, HBW<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> or Roberts<sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup>.
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*''C. c. chalybeus''
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:*Extreme southern [[Namibia]], [[Swaziland]], [[Lesotho]] and [[South Africa]].
  
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Recently split from [[Miombo Double-collared Sunbird]] ''Cinnyris manoensis''.
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This species has been split from [[Miombo Double-collared Sunbird]] (''Cinnyris manoensis'') with which it forms a superspecies. Most of the Sunbirds (including this one) formerly in the genus ''Nectarinia'' have been moved into the genus ''Cinnyris''.
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There are two subspecies:<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>
 
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*''C. c. chalybeus'', extreme southern [[Namibia]] south to the south-western Cape, east to the Fish River in the Eastern Cape;
 
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*''C. c. subalaris'', from the Fish River north to the Soutpansberg.
 
  
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
 
Fynbos and Karoo shrublands, woodland, forest, forest edge, gardens and plantations.
 
Fynbos and Karoo shrublands, woodland, forest, forest edge, gardens and plantations.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
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Forages at all levels in canopy, mainly for nectar, but also invertebrates.
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Forages at all levels in canopy. A primary pollinator of the milkweed ''Microloma sagittatum''.
 +
====Diet====
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Mainly nectar, but also invertebrates.
 +
 
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====Breeding====
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Nest constructed by female, compact, oval or pear shaped, mostly made out of cobwebs and lined with feathers. One to three eggs incubated by female.  Young fed by both parent.
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====Vocalisations====
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Harsh "cherr-cherr;" fast warbling rising and falling song.
 +
 
 
==References==
 
==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thDec09}}#{{Ref-Hockeyetal05}}  
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Cheke, R. & Mann, C. (2018). Southern Double-collared Sunbird (''Cinnyris chalybeus''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/60025 on 23 June 2018)
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#{{Ref-HM04}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker18V8.1}}
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#{{Ref-Hockeyetal05}}#{{Ref-SinclairHockyArlott05}} 
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
 +
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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{{GSearch|Cinnyris+chalybeus Use "Cinnyris chalybeus" to}}
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{{GSearch|Sunbird+chalyb}}
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{{GSearch|Nectarinia+chalybea Use "Nectarinia chalybea" to}}
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
{{Video|Southern_Double_collared_Sunbird}}
 
{{Video|Southern_Double_collared_Sunbird}}
  
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[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Cinnyris]][[Category:Videos]]
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[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Cinnyris]] [[Category:Videos]]

Revision as of 18:50, 25 June 2018

Male; subspecies chalybeus
Photo © by Mybs
Kirstenbosch, near Cape Town, South Africa
Cinnyris chalybeus

Nectarinia chalybea

Lesser Double-collared Sunbird

Identification

L. 12 cm (5"), mass 8 g.

Male

  • Head, back, rump, throat and upper breast iridescent green.
  • Wings iridecent green with dark brown flight feathers.
  • Upper tail coverts iridescent blue.
  • Upper breast band very narrow and iridescent blue
  • Lower breast band red.
  • Lower breast and belly grey.

Female

  • Grey-brown, with faint olive wash on mantle and wing coverts
  • Olive-yellow tinge on belly, flanks and vent.
  • Tail brownish black.

Eclipse Male

  • Mainly grey-olive but retaining a metallic sheen to the lesser wing-coverts and upperparts as well as isolated metallic feathers on its head and remnant of red breast-band.

Juvenile

  • Resembles female
Female; subspecies subalaris.
Photo © by Alan Manson
Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

Similar Species

Male is Similar to Greater Double-collared Sunbird but smaller with shorter bill and narrower red breast band.
Female is similar to female Orange-breasted Sunbird but is greyer below and darker than female Dusky Sunbird

Distribution

South Africa, Swaziland and extreme southern Namibia.

Taxonomy

This is a polytypic species. There are three subspecies.[1]

  • C. c. subalaris
  • Eastern South Africa (Eastern Cape to Limpopo) and Swaziland.
  • Longer bill, broader breast-band and darker overall than nominate; female greener and darker.
  • C. c. albilateralis
  • Northwestern South Africa (western Northern Cape).
  • Poorly differentiated. Not recognized by IOC[4], H&M4[3], HBW[2] or Roberts[5].
  • C. c. chalybeus

This species has been split from Miombo Double-collared Sunbird (Cinnyris manoensis) with which it forms a superspecies. Most of the Sunbirds (including this one) formerly in the genus Nectarinia have been moved into the genus Cinnyris.

Habitat

Fynbos and Karoo shrublands, woodland, forest, forest edge, gardens and plantations.

Behaviour

Forages at all levels in canopy. A primary pollinator of the milkweed Microloma sagittatum.

Diet

Mainly nectar, but also invertebrates.

Breeding

Nest constructed by female, compact, oval or pear shaped, mostly made out of cobwebs and lined with feathers. One to three eggs incubated by female. Young fed by both parent.

Vocalisations

Harsh "cherr-cherr;" fast warbling rising and falling song.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Cheke, R. & Mann, C. (2018). Southern Double-collared Sunbird (Cinnyris chalybeus). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/60025 on 23 June 2018)
  3. Dickinson, EC, ed. 2014. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4th ed. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0956861122
  4. Gill, F & D Donsker (Eds). 2018. IOC World Bird List (v8.1). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.8.1. Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
  1. Hockey, PAR, WRJ Dean, and PG Ryan, eds. 2005. Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa. 7th ed. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. ISBN 978-0620340533
  2. Sinclair, I., Hockey, P.A.R., and Arlott, N. (2005). The Larger Illustrated Guide to Birds of Southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town. ISBN 978-1775840992

Recommended Citation

External Links


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