(Video link. photo caption. References updated) |
(Imp size. Picture showing side view. Taxonomy. Some extra info. References updated) |
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| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:DSC05271.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Subspecies ''strictifrons'' <br />Photo by {{user|kitefarrago|kitefarrago}}<br />Porto Jofre, Mato Grosso, [[Brazil]], August 2015]] |
;[[:Category:Icterus|Icterus]] croconotus | ;[[:Category:Icterus|Icterus]] croconotus | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | Orange crown, nape and back | + | [[Image:Orange-backed_Troupial_by_Jeff_Hopkins.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|Jeff+Hopkins|Jeff Hopkins}}<br />Hotel Pantanal Mato Grosso, Pantanal, [[Brazil]], September 2008]] |
| + | 23 cm (9 in) | ||
| + | *Orange crown, nape and back | ||
| + | *Blue skin round the yellow eye | ||
| + | *Black wings and tail | ||
| + | *White wing flash<br /> | ||
| + | Juvenile has the orange areas cold yellow or yellowish-green. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
[[Guyana]], [[Brazil]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], and northern [[Argentina]]. Restall<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup> does not describe it from [[Suriname]] or [[French Guiana]] but has question-marks in the nearest parts of Brazil in the range maps. | [[Guyana]], [[Brazil]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]], and northern [[Argentina]]. Restall<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup> does not describe it from [[Suriname]] or [[French Guiana]] but has question-marks in the nearest parts of Brazil in the range maps. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | Previously considered a subspecies of the [[Venezuelan Troupial]] (''Icterus icterus''), it is now a full species: ''Icterus croconotus'' and has 2 races | + | Previously considered a subspecies of the [[Venezuelan Troupial]] (''Icterus icterus''), it is now a full species: ''Icterus croconotus'' and has 2 races<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup><sup>[[#References|3]]</sup>. <!--- Comment for editors: the support for splitting this one is so strong that it should go even though H&M have not yet published after the report came out; see discussion thread ---> |
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | There are 2 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup> | ||
| + | *''I. c. croconotus'': | ||
| + | :*South West [[Guyana]] to northern [[Brazil]], eastern [[Ecuador]] and eastern [[Peru]] (Madre de Dios) | ||
| + | *''I. c. strictifrons'': | ||
| + | :*East [[Bolivia]] to south-western Brazil (Mato Grosso) and chaco of [[Paraguay]] | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | Forest edge and open woodland, mostly near rivers and lakes | + | Forest edge and open woodland, mostly near rivers and lakes, also in clearings and secondary woodland. |
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
| + | Their diet consists of nectar, fruit and insects and small invertebrates. | ||
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
A pirate that takes over nests from other species of birds. | A pirate that takes over nests from other species of birds. | ||
| + | |||
| + | They are believed to be [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monogamous]] and solitary breeders. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
#Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156 | #Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156 | ||
#SACC [http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~remsen/SACCprop288.html discussion] accepting the split into three forms. | #SACC [http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~remsen/SACCprop288.html discussion] accepting the split into three forms. | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug17}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Dec 2017) |
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
Revision as of 01:20, 16 December 2017
- Icterus croconotus
Identification
23 cm (9 in)
- Orange crown, nape and back
- Blue skin round the yellow eye
- Black wings and tail
- White wing flash
Juvenile has the orange areas cold yellow or yellowish-green.
Distribution
Guyana, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, and northern Argentina. Restall1 does not describe it from Suriname or French Guiana but has question-marks in the nearest parts of Brazil in the range maps.
Taxonomy
Previously considered a subspecies of the Venezuelan Troupial (Icterus icterus), it is now a full species: Icterus croconotus and has 2 races23.
Subspecies
There are 2 subspecies[3]
- I. c. croconotus:
- I. c. strictifrons:
Habitat
Forest edge and open woodland, mostly near rivers and lakes, also in clearings and secondary woodland.
Behaviour
Diet
Their diet consists of nectar, fruit and insects and small invertebrates.
Breeding
A pirate that takes over nests from other species of birds.
They are believed to be monogamous and solitary breeders.
References
- Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156
- SACC discussion accepting the split into three forms.
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved Dec 2017)
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Orange-backed Troupial. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 26 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Orange-backed_Troupial
External Links
