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| − | [[Image: | + | [[Image:Sprague's_Pipit_P1060446.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|njlarsen|njlarsen}}<br />Near Sebastian, [[Texas]], [[USA]], January 2012]] |
;[[:Category:Anthus|Anthus]] spragueii | ;[[:Category:Anthus|Anthus]] spragueii | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | [[Image:Sprague's_Pipit_2_by_njlarsen.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Photo by {{user|njlarsen|njlarsen}}<br />Near Sebastian, [[Texas]], [[USA]], January 2012]] | |
| − | Brown | + | 15–17 cm (6-6¾ in) Sexes similar. <br /> |
| − | Upper breast finely streaked, rest of underside mostly unmarked. | + | *Brown striped overall plumage |
| − | Pale mostly unmarked face with white eyering makes dark brown eye seem large. | + | *White outer tail feathers |
| − | Bill is thin and mostly pink, legs yellow or pinkish. | + | *Crown, nape, and upperparts streaked black and buff |
| + | *Wings with two white wingbars.<br /> | ||
| + | *Upper breast finely streaked, rest of underside mostly unmarked. | ||
| + | *Pale mostly unmarked face with white eyering makes dark brown eye seem large. | ||
| + | *Bill is thin and mostly pink, legs yellow or pinkish. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | |||
[[North America]]<br /> | [[North America]]<br /> | ||
| − | + | Sprague's Pipits migrate north from late March through April, to breed in the northern central plains in [[Canada]] ([[Alberta]], [[Saskatchewan]], [[Manitoba]]) and [[United States]] ([[Montana]], [[North Dakota]] and [[South Dakota]]). <br /> | |
| − | + | Leaves its breeding grounds in late September to winter in southern United States ([[Oklahoma]], [[Texas]], [[New Mexico]], and [[Arizona]] has the majority of the birds) and [[Mexico]] (northern and central). <br /> | |
| + | Vagrants have been recorded in most US states. | ||
| + | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | This is a [[Dictionary_M- | + | This is a [[Dictionary_M-O#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>. |
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | + | Prairies, open grasslands and weedy fields in the summer. In winter, temperate grassland up to 2500m, and agricultural areas. | |
| + | |||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | [[Image:Sprague | + | [[Image:8242605-8535fg Sprague s Pipit.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|bobsofpa|bobsofpa}}<br />Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge, [[Arizona]], [[USA]], May 2005]] |
| − | The diet | + | ====Diet==== |
| + | The diet consists mostly of insects such as beetles and grasshoppers, also spiders, with the addition of some weed seeds. It forages on the ground, singly or in pairs, usually well concealed, but occasionally out in the open. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Breeding==== | ||
| + | The male displays by flying up to around 100 m and sings with the tail spread. He circles round then plummets to the ground with the wings closed. The female may fly up to meet him. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The nest is a cup woven from fine grass, placed in a hollow on the ground. Some nests are protected by a tent of long grasses, which sometimes forms a complete dome. The clutch consists of 4-6 pale whitish eggs with brown blotches, incubated by the female for 13 days. The young fledge at 10-11 days. Nest success can be poor, specially in areas where there is parasitization by [[Brown-headed Cowbird]]s, commonly in south Saskatchewan, Canada. Low fledging numbers in other areas is usually due to nest predation. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Vocalisation=== | ||
| + | The song, usually in flight, is a series of descending, thin, jingly, musical phrases: ''ching-a-ring-a-ring-a-ring-a''<br /> | ||
| + | The call is a squeaky, loud ''sweep'' or ''speep'', frequently double notes and when flushed: ''speep-beep-beep'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Conservation Status=== | ||
| + | Vulnerable | ||
| − | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug15}}#Ebird.org |
# Howell & Webb, 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198540124 | # Howell & Webb, 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198540124 | ||
| + | #Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved February 2016) | ||
| + | #Cornell, All About Birds | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Anthus+spragueii}} | {{GSearch|Anthus+spragueii}} | ||
Latest revision as of 09:21, 29 February 2016
- Anthus spragueii
Identification
15–17 cm (6-6¾ in) Sexes similar.
- Brown striped overall plumage
- White outer tail feathers
- Crown, nape, and upperparts streaked black and buff
- Wings with two white wingbars.
- Upper breast finely streaked, rest of underside mostly unmarked.
- Pale mostly unmarked face with white eyering makes dark brown eye seem large.
- Bill is thin and mostly pink, legs yellow or pinkish.
Distribution
North America
Sprague's Pipits migrate north from late March through April, to breed in the northern central plains in Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba) and United States (Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota).
Leaves its breeding grounds in late September to winter in southern United States (Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona has the majority of the birds) and Mexico (northern and central).
Vagrants have been recorded in most US states.
Taxonomy
Habitat
Prairies, open grasslands and weedy fields in the summer. In winter, temperate grassland up to 2500m, and agricultural areas.
Behaviour
Diet
The diet consists mostly of insects such as beetles and grasshoppers, also spiders, with the addition of some weed seeds. It forages on the ground, singly or in pairs, usually well concealed, but occasionally out in the open.
Breeding
The male displays by flying up to around 100 m and sings with the tail spread. He circles round then plummets to the ground with the wings closed. The female may fly up to meet him.
The nest is a cup woven from fine grass, placed in a hollow on the ground. Some nests are protected by a tent of long grasses, which sometimes forms a complete dome. The clutch consists of 4-6 pale whitish eggs with brown blotches, incubated by the female for 13 days. The young fledge at 10-11 days. Nest success can be poor, specially in areas where there is parasitization by Brown-headed Cowbirds, commonly in south Saskatchewan, Canada. Low fledging numbers in other areas is usually due to nest predation.
Vocalisation
The song, usually in flight, is a series of descending, thin, jingly, musical phrases: ching-a-ring-a-ring-a-ring-a
The call is a squeaky, loud sweep or speep, frequently double notes and when flushed: speep-beep-beep
Conservation Status
Vulnerable
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2015. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2015, with updates to August 2015. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Ebird.org
- Howell & Webb, 1995. A guide to the birds of Mexico and northern Central America. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198540124
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved February 2016)
- Cornell, All About Birds
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Sprague's Pipit. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 26 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Sprague%27s_Pipit
