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Difference between revisions of "Yellow-legged Thrush" - BirdForum Opus

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(refs, habitat, range, id.)
(Imp size. Basic tidy-up. References updated)
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[[Image:Yellow-legged_Thrush.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Adult male of race ''xanthoscela'' <br />Photo by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}} <br />Main Ridge Forest Reserve, [[Tobago]].]]
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[[Image:Yellow-legged_Thrush.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Adult male of race ''xanthoscela'' <br />Photo by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}} <br />Main Ridge Forest Reserve, [[Tobago]]]]
 
;[[:Category:Turdus|Turdus]] flavipes
 
;[[:Category:Turdus|Turdus]] flavipes
 
''Platycichla flavipes''
 
''Platycichla flavipes''
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
−
22-23 cm. '''Male''' has black hood and upper breast, wings, and tail, with rest of body paler grey. Legs, bill, and eye ring are yellow.
+
22-23 cm (8½-9 in)<br />
 +
'''Male''' has black hood and upper breast, wings, and tail, with rest of body paler grey.<br />
 +
Legs, bill, and eye ring are yellow.
 
<br />
 
<br />
−
'''Females''' have brown upperparts, paler underparts, and throat pale with dark streaks; legs are yellow but the bill is less clear in color than the male. <br />
+
'''Females''' have brown upperparts, paler underparts, and throat pale with dark streaks.<br />
 +
Legs are yellow but the bill is less clear in color than the male. <br />
 
The '''juveniles''' are are brownish with buffy spots on upperside and buffy with dark scallops on underside. There seems to be a gradual development of adult plumage, so immature males often have pale spots on wing coverts.
 
The '''juveniles''' are are brownish with buffy spots on upperside and buffy with dark scallops on underside. There seems to be a gradual development of adult plumage, so immature males often have pale spots on wing coverts.
 
====Variation====
 
====Variation====
−
The paler ares on the body of the male varies from medium grey in ''venezuelensis'' to dark slaty grey in ''melanopleura'' (some of these are almost as dark as the following) and all black in ''xanthoscela''. Brazilian birds are intermediate between ''venezuelensis''  and ''melanopleura''. Females are mostly similar to each other in upperparts but vary between warm buffy and darker grey-brown on undersides -- some subspecies have pale spots on wings. Juveniles vary widely in how dark they are.  
+
The paler ares on the body of the male varies from medium grey in ''venezuelensis'' to dark slaty grey in ''melanopleura'' (some of these are almost as dark as the following) and all black in ''xanthoscela''. Brazilian birds are intermediate between ''venezuelensis''  and ''melanopleura''.<br />
 +
Females are mostly similar to each other in upperparts but vary between warm buffy and darker grey-brown on undersides -- some subspecies have pale spots on wings. Juveniles vary widely in how dark they are.  
 
[[Image:Yellow-legged_Thrush_venezuelensis_by_iainp.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''venezuelensis'' <br />Photo by {{user|iainp|iainp}}<br />Sierra Nevada National Park, [[Venezuela]], April 2010]]
 
[[Image:Yellow-legged_Thrush_venezuelensis_by_iainp.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''venezuelensis'' <br />Photo by {{user|iainp|iainp}}<br />Sierra Nevada National Park, [[Venezuela]], April 2010]]
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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**South-eastern [[Brazil]] (southern Bahia) to north-eastern [[Paraguay]] and north-eastern [[Argentina]]<br />
 
**South-eastern [[Brazil]] (southern Bahia) to north-eastern [[Paraguay]] and north-eastern [[Argentina]]<br />
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
−
Rainforest, secondary woodland and overgrown plantations; mainland areas always at medium elevation (500-1500 m asl), on the islands (Trinidad, Tobago, Isla Margarita) at lower elevation.  
+
Rainforest, secondary woodland and overgrown plantations; mainland areas always at medium elevation (500-1500 m asl), on the islands ([[Trinidad]], [[Tobago]], Isla Margarita) at lower elevation.  
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
 
====Diet====
 
====Diet====
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It feeds in trees and bushes and the diet includes fruits and berries.
+
They feed in trees and bushes. Their main diet consists of fruit, berries and also insects .
 
====Breeding====
 
====Breeding====
 
The nest is a lined shallow cup of twigs on a bank or amongst rocks. The clutch consists of 2-3 reddish-blotched green or blue eggs.
 
The nest is a lined shallow cup of twigs on a bank or amongst rocks. The clutch consists of 2-3 reddish-blotched green or blue eggs.
 
==References==
 
==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thDec10}}# Kenefick, Restall, Hayes, 2007. Field guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13557-2
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug15}}#Kenefick, Restall, Hayes, 2007. Field guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13557-2
−
# Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156
+
#Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156
−
# Ridgely and Tudor 2009. Field guide to the songbirds of South America - The Passerines. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71979-8
+
#Ridgely and Tudor 2009. Field guide to the songbirds of South America - The Passerines. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71979-8
−
# Ber van Perlo. 2009. A field guide to the Birds of Brazil. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7
+
#Ber van Perlo. 2009. A field guide to the Birds of Brazil. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7
 +
#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved November 2015)
 
#Wikipedia
 
#Wikipedia
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}

Revision as of 22:59, 14 December 2015

Adult male of race xanthoscela
Photo by Steve G
Main Ridge Forest Reserve, Tobago
Turdus flavipes

Platycichla flavipes

Identification

22-23 cm (8½-9 in)
Male has black hood and upper breast, wings, and tail, with rest of body paler grey.
Legs, bill, and eye ring are yellow.
Females have brown upperparts, paler underparts, and throat pale with dark streaks.
Legs are yellow but the bill is less clear in color than the male.
The juveniles are are brownish with buffy spots on upperside and buffy with dark scallops on underside. There seems to be a gradual development of adult plumage, so immature males often have pale spots on wing coverts.

Variation

The paler ares on the body of the male varies from medium grey in venezuelensis to dark slaty grey in melanopleura (some of these are almost as dark as the following) and all black in xanthoscela. Brazilian birds are intermediate between venezuelensis and melanopleura.
Females are mostly similar to each other in upperparts but vary between warm buffy and darker grey-brown on undersides -- some subspecies have pale spots on wings. Juveniles vary widely in how dark they are.

Subspecies venezuelensis
Photo by iainp
Sierra Nevada National Park, Venezuela, April 2010

Distribution

Caribbean and South America
Carribbean: Trinidad and Tobago
South America (several separate populations): Andes of north-eastern Colombia and western Venezuela, coastal mountains of Venezuela and Isla Margarita, Tepui mountains at the border of Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil, coastal eastern mountains of Brazil to where these meets Paraguay and Argentina.

Taxonomy

Subspecies flavipes
Photo by Luiz
Itatiaia National Park, Brazil, July 2007

Used to be placed in genus Platycichla.

Subspecies

Five subspecies are recognized[1]:

  • T. f. venezuelensis
  • T. f. melanopleura
    • North-eastern Venezuela, Isla Margarita and Trinidad
  • T. f. xanthoscela
  • T. f. polionota
    • Southern Venezuela (Bolívar) and Guyana
  • T. f. flavipes

Habitat

Rainforest, secondary woodland and overgrown plantations; mainland areas always at medium elevation (500-1500 m asl), on the islands (Trinidad, Tobago, Isla Margarita) at lower elevation.

Behaviour

Diet

They feed in trees and bushes. Their main diet consists of fruit, berries and also insects .

Breeding

The nest is a lined shallow cup of twigs on a bank or amongst rocks. The clutch consists of 2-3 reddish-blotched green or blue eggs.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2015. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2015, with updates to August 2015. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Kenefick, Restall, Hayes, 2007. Field guide to the birds of Trinidad and Tobago. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-13557-2
  3. Restall et al. 2006. Birds of Northern South America. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300124156
  4. Ridgely and Tudor 2009. Field guide to the songbirds of South America - The Passerines. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71979-8
  5. Ber van Perlo. 2009. A field guide to the Birds of Brazil. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7
  6. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved November 2015)
  7. Wikipedia

Recommended Citation

External Links

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