Difference between revisions of "Blue Jay" - BirdForum Opus

Latest revision as of 21:37, 10 April 2023

Photo © by KC Foggin
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, 1 June 2007

Cyanocitta cristata

Identification

Juvenile
Photo © by KC Foggin
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, USA, May 2021

25–30 cm (9¾-11¾ in)

Predominantly lavender-blue to mid-blue feathering from the top of the head to midway down the back
Pronounced crest
Colour changes to black, sky-blue and white barring on the wing primaries and the tail
Off-white underside
Black collar around the neck and sides of the head
White face
Soles of feet are yellow as seen in this picture

Distribution

Eastern side of North America from northest Newfoundland to southest Florida, western Texas and Midwestern United States, and north to central Alberta. West of the Rockies, it is replaced by the closely related Steller's Jay. Blue Jay is slowly spreading westward.

Although this bird is generally found year-round through most of its range, some northern birds do move into the southern parts of the range. These birds migrate in the daytime.

Taxonomy

Subspecies

Subspecies bromia
Photo © by wonderview
Nova Scotia, Canada, 8 March 2020

Four subspecies are recognized¹:

C. c. bromia :

Southern Canada (Alberta to Quebec) to central US; some winter in south-eastern US

C. c. cristata:

Central eastern and southeastern US

C. c. cyanotephra:

South-eastern Wyoming and Nebraska to western Kansas, Oklahoma and northern Texas

C. c. semplei:

Southern Florida

Habitat

Chiefly oak forest, but now also city parks and suburban yards, especially where oak trees predominate. It is mainly a bird of mixed woodland, including American beech and various oak species.

Behaviour

Breeding

The nest is built by both adults. The four or five eggs are incubated by the female for about 16 or 18 days. Both parents feed the young, which fledge between 17-21 days. Monogamous.

Diet

They are Omnivorous feeding on acorns and beech mast. Also seeds, berries and fruit. They will also take eggs and nestlings, scraps of meat and small invertebrates. Garden feeder visitor for peanuts and suet.

Vocalisation

A raucous jay-jay
Harsh cries, and a rich variety of other calls.
One is almost identical to the scream of the Red-shouldered Hawk.
queedle-queedle often referred to as the "rusty pump" owing to its squeaky resemblance to the sound of an old hand-operated water pump.
a high-pitched jayer-jayer call that increases in speed as the bird becomes more agitated.

References

Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
AvianWeb
BF Member observations
Marzluff, J. (2020). Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/60692 on 12 March 2020)

List of references

Recommended Citation

BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Blue Jay. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 25 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Blue_Jay

External Links

Search the Gallery using the scientific name:

Search for photos of Blue Jay in the gallery

GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-;Cyanocitta cristata
+[[Image:BlueJay.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo &copy; by {{user|KC+Foggin|KC Foggin}}<br />Myrtle Beach, [[South Carolina]], 1 June 2007]]
-[[Image:Blue_Jay.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by notason]]
+;[[: Category:Cyanocitta|Cyanocitta]] cristata
+==Identification==
-==Identification: ==
+[[File:Blue_Jay_Juvenile-Immature_KC.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|KC+Foggin|KC Foggin}}<br />Myrtle Beach, [[South Carolina]], [[USA]], May 2021]]
+–30 cm (9¾-11¾ in)
-The Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) is a North American jay, a bird with predominantly lavender-blue to mid-blue feathering from the top of the head to midway down the back. There is a pronounced crest on the head. The colour changes to black, sky-blue and white barring on the wing primaries and the tail. The bird has an off-white underside, with a black collar around the neck and sides of the head and a white face.
+*Predominantly lavender-blue to mid-blue feathering from the top of the head to midway down the back
-Blue Jays reside over a very large area of the eastern side of North America from northest Newfoundland to southest Florida, western Texas and Midwestern United States, and north to central Alberta. It is mainly a bird of mixed woodland, including American beech and various oak species, but also of parks and gardens in some towns and cities. West of the Rockies, it is replaced by the closely related Steller's Jay.
+*Pronounced crest
+*Colour changes to black, sky-blue and white barring on the wing [[Topography#Wings|primaries]] and the tail
-Its food is sought both on the ground and in trees and includes virtually all known types of plant and animal sources, such as acorns and beech mast, weed seeds, grain, fruits and other berries, peanuts, bread, meat, eggs and nestlings, small invertebrates of many types, scraps in town parks and bird-table food.
+*Off-white underside
+*Black collar around the neck and sides of the head
-Being clever and adaptable birds, Blue Jays are good survivors and have adapted well to human presence; however, their occasionally aggressive behavior at feeding stations, plus a reputation for occasionally destroying the nests and eggs of other birds, have made them unwelcome at some bird feeders. In captivity as well they are generally aggressive toward other birds.
+*White face
+*Soles of feet are yellow [https://www.birdforum.net/gallery/showphoto.php?photo=610213 as seen in this picture]
-Any suitable tree or large bush may be used for nesting, and both sexes build the nest and rear the young, though only the female broods them. There are usually 4–5 eggs laid and incubated over 16–18 days. The young are fledged usually between 17–21 days. Blue Jays typically form monogamous pair bonds for life.
+==Distribution==
+Eastern side of [[North America]] from northest [[Newfoundland]] to southest [[Florida]], western [[Texas]] and Midwestern United States, and north to central [[Alberta]]. West of the Rockies, it is replaced by the closely related [[Steller's Jay]]. Blue Jay is slowly spreading westward.
 Although this bird is generally found year-round through most of its range, some northern birds do move into the southern parts of the range. These birds migrate in the daytime.
+==Taxonomy==
+====Subspecies====
+[[Image:BlueJayfliWV.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''bromia''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|wonderview|wonderview}}<br />[[Nova Scotia]], [[Canada]], 8 March 2020]]
+Four subspecies are recognized<sup>[[#References|1]]</sup>:
+*''C. c. bromia'' :
+:*Southern [[Canada]] ([[Alberta]] to [[Quebec]]) to central [[US]]; some winter in south-eastern US
+*''C. c. cristata'':
+:*Central eastern and southeastern [[US]]
+*''C. c. cyanotephra'':
+:*South-eastern [[Wyoming]] and [[Nebraska]] to western [[Kansas]], [[Oklahoma]] and northern [[Texas]]
+*''C. c. semplei'':
+:*Southern [[Florida]]
+==Habitat==
+Chiefly oak forest, but now also city parks and suburban yards, especially where oak trees predominate.  It is mainly a bird of mixed woodland, including American beech and various oak species.
+==Behaviour==
+====Breeding====
+The nest is built by both adults. The four or five eggs are incubated by the female for about 16 or 18 days. Both parents feed the young, which fledge between 17-21 days. [[Dictionary_M-O#M|Monogamous]].
+====Diet====
+They are [[Dictionary_M-O#O|Omnivorous]] feeding on acorns and beech mast. Also seeds, berries and fruit. They will also take eggs and nestlings, scraps of meat and small invertebrates. Garden feeder visitor for peanuts and suet.
+====Vocalisation====
+*A raucous ''jay-jay''
+*Harsh cries, and a rich variety of other calls.
+*One is almost identical to the scream of the [[Red-shouldered Hawk]].
+*''queedle-queedle'' often referred to as the "rusty pump" owing to its squeaky resemblance to the sound of an old hand-operated water pump.
+*a high-pitched ''jayer-jayer'' call that increases in speed as the bird becomes more agitated.
+==References==
+#{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#AvianWeb
+#BF Member observations
+#Marzluff, J. (2020). Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/60692 on 12 March 2020)
+{{ref}}
-The voice is typical of most jays in being varied, but the most commonly recognized sound is the alarm call, which is a loud, almost gull-like scream. There is also a high-pitched jayer-jayer call that increases in speed as the bird becomes more agitated. Blue Jays will use these calls to band together to drive a predator such as a hawk away from their nest.
+==External Links==
+Search the Gallery using the scientific name:
-Blue Jays also have quiet, almost subliminal calls which they use among themselves in proximity. One of the most distinctive calls of this type is often referred to as the "rusty pump" owing to its squeaky resemblance to the sound of an old hand-operated water pump. In fact, they can make a large variety of sounds, and individuals may vary perceptibly in their calling style.
+{{GSearch|"Cyanocitta cristata" {{!}} "Blue Jay"}}
+{{GS-checked}}1
-As with other blue-hued birds, the Blue Jay's coloration is not derived by pigments, but is the result of light refraction due to the internal structure of the feathers; if a Blue Jay feather is crushed, the blue disappears as the structure is destroyed. This is referred to as structural coloration.
+<br />
+<br />
-Blue Jays in captivity have been observed using tools.
+[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Cyanocitta]]
-The Blue Jay is the provincial bird of Prince Edward Island and the Major League Baseball team Toronto Blue Jays are named after the bird
-==Habitat: ==
-Chiefly oak forest, but now also city parks and suburban yards, especially where oak trees predominate.
-==Nesting: ==
--6 brown-spotted greenish eggs in a coarsely built nest of sticks, lined with grass and well concealed in a crotch or forked branch of a tree, often a conifer.
-==Range: ==
-Resident east of Rockies, from southern Canada to Gulf of Mexico. Slowly encroaching westward.
-==Voice: ==
-A raucous jay-jay, harsh cries, and a rich variety of other calls. One is almost identical to the scream of the Red-shouldered Hawk. Also a musical queedle-queedle.
-==Discussion: ==
-Although sometimes disliked because they chase smaller birds away from feeders, Blue Jays are among the handsomest of birds. They often bury seeds and acorns, and since many are never retrieved they are, in effect, tree planters. They regularly mob predators, and their raucous screaming makes it easy to locate a hawk or a roosting owl. Although seen all year, they are migratory and travel in large loose flocks in spring and fall. Birds from farther north replace local populations in winter.
-==Photo info==
-Photographed in Henryville, QC, Canada.
-==External Links==
-*[http://www.birdforum.net/pp_gallery/showgallery.php?mcats=all&si=%20Cyanocitta%20cristata&what=allfields&name=&when=&whenterm= View more images of Blue Jay in the gallery]
-[[Category:Birds]]