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| − | [[Image:Coal_Tit.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by IanF<br>Cowpen Bewley Woodland Park, Billingham, UK | + | [[Image:Coal_Tit.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|IanF|IanF}}<br />[[Cowpen Bewley Woodland Park]], Billingham, [[UK]]]] |
;[[:Category:Periparus|Periparus]] ater | ;[[:Category:Periparus|Periparus]] ater | ||
''Parus ater'' | ''Parus ater'' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | L. 10–11.5 cm | + | L. 10–11.5 cm<br /> |
| − | + | '''Adult'''<br /> | |
*Large white nape spot | *Large white nape spot | ||
*Black head | *Black head | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
*Lead colored legs | *Lead colored legs | ||
*Dark brown eyes | *Dark brown eyes | ||
| − | + | '''Immature'''<br /> | |
*Duller than adult | *Duller than adult | ||
*Black head with no sheen | *Black head with no sheen | ||
*White of nape and cheeks tinged with yellow | *White of nape and cheeks tinged with yellow | ||
| − | |||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
Resident, but along with [[Blue Tit]] is the most mobile tit in autumn, Northern populations in some years moving south in large numbers. | Resident, but along with [[Blue Tit]] is the most mobile tit in autumn, Northern populations in some years moving south in large numbers. | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
A passerine bird in the tit family Paridae, sometimes still referred to as ''Parus ater'' | A passerine bird in the tit family Paridae, sometimes still referred to as ''Parus ater'' | ||
| + | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>==== | ||
| + | *''P. a. hibernicus'': [[Ireland]] (except extreme north-eastern in County Down) | ||
| + | *''P. a. britannicus'': [[Britain]] and north-eastern [[Ireland]] | ||
| + | *''P. a. ater'': Continental [[Europe]] to [[Siberia]], [[Mongolia]], Sakhalin and north-eastern [[China]] | ||
| + | *''P. a. vieirae'': Iberian Peninsula | ||
| + | *''P. a. sardus'': [[Corsica]] and [[Sardinia]] | ||
| + | *''P. a. atlas'': Northern [[Morocco]] | ||
| + | *''P. a. ledouci'': North [[Africa]] (northern [[Tunisia]] and northern [[Algeria]]) | ||
| + | *''P. a. cypriotes'': [[Cyprus]] | ||
| + | *''P. a. moltchanovi'': Crimean Peninsula | ||
| + | *''P. a. derjugini'': Mountains of north-eastern [[Turkey]], western [[Georgia]] and Black Sea coast of [[Russia]] | ||
| + | *''P. a. michalowskii'': Caucasus and Transcaucasia | ||
| + | *''P. a. gaddi'': South-eastern Azerbaijan and Caspian region of northern [[Iran]] (east to Gorgan) | ||
| + | *''P. a. chorassanicus'': North-eastern [[Iran]] and south-western Turkmenistan | ||
| + | *''P. a. phaeonotus'': Zagros Mountains (south-western [[Iran]]) | ||
| + | *''P. a. rufipectus'': Kazakstan (Tien Shan Mountains) to north-western [[China]] (Xinjiang) | ||
| + | *''P. a. aemodius'': Eastern [[Himalayas]] to north-eastern [[Myanmar]], [[Tibet]] and south-western [[China]] | ||
| + | *''P. a. pekinensis'': North-eastern [[China]] (southern Liaoning to Shaanxi and Shantung Peninsula) | ||
| + | *''P. a. kuatunensis'': Montane forests of south-eastern [[China]] (Anhui, Fujian and Zhejiang) | ||
| + | *''P. a. ptilosus'': Montane forests of [[Taiwan]] | ||
| + | *''P. a. insularis'': Southern Kuril Islands, [[Japan]] and Cheju-Do Islands ([[Korea]]) | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Breeds mainly in conifer woods, often with some taller spruces; locally also in pine or mixed forest. | Breeds mainly in conifer woods, often with some taller spruces; locally also in pine or mixed forest. | ||
| − | |||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| Line 31: | Line 50: | ||
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
Nests in hole, sometimes among tree roots or in rock crevice. | Nests in hole, sometimes among tree roots or in rock crevice. | ||
| − | + | ==References== | |
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thDec08}} | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Periparus+ater}} | {{GSearch|Periparus+ater}} | ||
Revision as of 00:52, 26 November 2009
- Periparus ater
Parus ater
Identification
L. 10–11.5 cm
Adult
- Large white nape spot
- Black head
- Glossy blue-black head, throat and neck
- White on sides of face
- Double wingbar
- White underparts with buff to rufous shading on flanks
- Black bill
- Lead colored legs
- Dark brown eyes
Immature
- Duller than adult
- Black head with no sheen
- White of nape and cheeks tinged with yellow
Distribution
Resident, but along with Blue Tit is the most mobile tit in autumn, Northern populations in some years moving south in large numbers.
Taxonomy
A passerine bird in the tit family Paridae, sometimes still referred to as Parus ater
Subspecies[1]
- P. a. hibernicus: Ireland (except extreme north-eastern in County Down)
- P. a. britannicus: Britain and north-eastern Ireland
- P. a. ater: Continental Europe to Siberia, Mongolia, Sakhalin and north-eastern China
- P. a. vieirae: Iberian Peninsula
- P. a. sardus: Corsica and Sardinia
- P. a. atlas: Northern Morocco
- P. a. ledouci: North Africa (northern Tunisia and northern Algeria)
- P. a. cypriotes: Cyprus
- P. a. moltchanovi: Crimean Peninsula
- P. a. derjugini: Mountains of north-eastern Turkey, western Georgia and Black Sea coast of Russia
- P. a. michalowskii: Caucasus and Transcaucasia
- P. a. gaddi: South-eastern Azerbaijan and Caspian region of northern Iran (east to Gorgan)
- P. a. chorassanicus: North-eastern Iran and south-western Turkmenistan
- P. a. phaeonotus: Zagros Mountains (south-western Iran)
- P. a. rufipectus: Kazakstan (Tien Shan Mountains) to north-western China (Xinjiang)
- P. a. aemodius: Eastern Himalayas to north-eastern Myanmar, Tibet and south-western China
- P. a. pekinensis: North-eastern China (southern Liaoning to Shaanxi and Shantung Peninsula)
- P. a. kuatunensis: Montane forests of south-eastern China (Anhui, Fujian and Zhejiang)
- P. a. ptilosus: Montane forests of Taiwan
- P. a. insularis: Southern Kuril Islands, Japan and Cheju-Do Islands (Korea)
Habitat
Breeds mainly in conifer woods, often with some taller spruces; locally also in pine or mixed forest.
Behaviour
Diet
Forages (for seeds, insects, spiders) much in top of trees and in outer branches.
Breeding
Nests in hole, sometimes among tree roots or in rock crevice.
References
- Clements, JF. 2008. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2008. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Coal Tit. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 5 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Coal_Tit
External Links
