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Difference between revisions of "Common Redpoll" - BirdForum Opus

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[[Image:Common_Redpoll.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Doug+Lloyd|Doug Lloyd}}<br />Wasilla, [[Alaska]], January 2004]]
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[[Image:Common_Redpoll.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Adult male ''A. f. flammea''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Doug+Lloyd|Doug Lloyd}}<br />Wasilla, [[Alaska]], 4 January 2004]]
 
;[[:Category:Acanthis|Acanthis]] flammea
 
;[[:Category:Acanthis|Acanthis]] flammea
 
''Carduelis flammea''<br />
 
''Carduelis flammea''<br />
−
'''Includes: Lesser Redpoll'''
 
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
−
11.5-14 cm (4½-5½ in)
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[[Image:26-02-2015 029fs.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Adult female ''A. f. flammea''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|wonderview|wonderview}}<br />[[Nova Scotia]], [[Canada]], 26 February 2015]]
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11.5-14 cm (4½-5½ in)<br />
 +
'''Adult'''
 
*Streaky finch with pale feather edges
 
*Streaky finch with pale feather edges
 
*Red forehead and crown
 
*Red forehead and crown
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*Dark eye line
 
*Dark eye line
 
*Pale [[Topography#Heads|supercilium]]
 
*Pale [[Topography#Heads|supercilium]]
−
[[Image:Lesser_Redpoll.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Lesser Redpoll<br />Photo by {{user|Adey+Baker|Adey Baker}}<br />Burbage Common Extension, [[Leicestershire]], [[UK]]]]
 
 
*Cheeks darker gray than the rest of the head and nape
 
*Cheeks darker gray than the rest of the head and nape
 
*Two wing bars
 
*Two wing bars
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*Males have a variable amount of rose wash across the upper breast that is absent in females
 
*Males have a variable amount of rose wash across the upper breast that is absent in females
 
*Sharply pointed yellow bill with a black tip and [[Topography#Beaks|culmen]]
 
*Sharply pointed yellow bill with a black tip and [[Topography#Beaks|culmen]]
 +
'''Juvenile'''
 +
*Similar to adult but lacks red
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*Buff wing bars
 +
[[Image:CommonRedpollIMG 1156.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile ''A. f. islandica''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|jmorlan|Joseph Morlan}}<br />Akureyri, [[Iceland]], 26 July 2018]]
 +
====Similar Species====
 +
[[Hoary Redpoll]] is larger and paler with shorter, thicker bill and usually more extensive thigh feathering.  Undertail coverts usually unstreaked. [[Lesser Redpoll]] smaller, darker and more heavily streaked. Some individuals not safely identified.
 +
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
 
Breeds in the northern parts of the New and Old Worlds.  Winter range extends farther south, but is not very predictable.  An irruptive species, this bird can be abundant in places some winters and completely absent in other winters.
 
Breeds in the northern parts of the New and Old Worlds.  Winter range extends farther south, but is not very predictable.  An irruptive species, this bird can be abundant in places some winters and completely absent in other winters.
 
Birds ringed in [[Norway]] have been recovered in [[China]] just north of the border of [[North Korea]], about 4000 km away from Troms County.
 
Birds ringed in [[Norway]] have been recovered in [[China]] just north of the border of [[North Korea]], about 4000 km away from Troms County.
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
−
Formerly placed in genus ''[[:Category:Carduelis|Carduelis]]''.
+
[[Image:ADSC 0804 2 .JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''rostrata''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Doc+Duck|Doc Duck}}<br />Ringve Botanical Garden, Trondheim, [[Norway]], 6 March 2020]]
 +
Formerly placed in genus ''[[:Category:Carduelis|Carduelis]]''. [[Lesser Redpoll]] formerly included in this species. ''A. f. islandica'' considered a synonym of ''A. f. rostrata'' by Clement (2018)<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>, Gill & Donsker (2018)<sup>[[#References|[7]]]</sup>, and Christides et al (2014)<sup>[[#References|[6]]]</sup>.  However its validity confirmed by Amouret et al. (2015)<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> and accepted by Clements ''et al.'' (2018)<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>.  A genetic study by Mason & Taylor (2015)<sup>[[#References|[5]]]</sup> found that phenotypic variation in all Redpolls is a result of RNA expressing plumage differences without actual differences in DNA. They advocate lumping all the Redpolls into a single species<sup>[[#References|[8]]]</sup>, but their recommendation has not yet been adopted by major taxonomic authorities.  
 
====Subspecies====
 
====Subspecies====
−
There are four subspecies:<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>
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There are three subspecies:<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>
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*''A. f. flammea''
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*''A. f. flammea'' - Small and dark.
 
:*Northern Eurasia and northern North America
 
:*Northern Eurasia and northern North America
−
*''A. f. rostrata''
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*''A. f. rostrata'' - Large and dark
−
:*Northern Labrador, Baffin Island and southern Greenland; winters to north-eastern USA and British Isles
+
:*Northern Labrador, Baffin Island and southern Greenland; winters to north-eastern North America and British Isles
−
*''A. f. islandica''
+
*''A. f. islandica'' - Similar to ''A. f. rostrata'' but smaller and with paler rump.
 
:*Iceland
 
:*Iceland
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*''A. f. cabaret''
+
 
−
:*British Isles, Alps and mountains of Czechoslovakia - smaller and darker then other subspecies
 
−
:*Some authorities regard this a separate species, the Lesser Redpoll.
 
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
 
Coniferous and birch woodlands.
 
Coniferous and birch woodlands.
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It builds an open cup nest from twigs, rootlets and grasses, lined with thick layer of feathers or hair. 4-6 greenish white to pale blue, spotted with purple at large end, eggs are laid.
 
It builds an open cup nest from twigs, rootlets and grasses, lined with thick layer of feathers or hair. 4-6 greenish white to pale blue, spotted with purple at large end, eggs are laid.
 
====Vocalisation====
 
====Vocalisation====
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<flashmp3>Carduelis flammea (song).mp3</flashmp3><br />
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Song usually single or repeated calls in short combinations: especially chatter and rattle calls ''che, che, che, tschrrrr,'' repeated.
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''[[Media:Carduelis flammea (song).mp3|Listen in an external program]]''
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{{ Audio|Carduelis flammea (song).mp3 }}
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''[[Media:Carduelis flammea (song).mp3|Common Redpoll voice clip]]''
 +
 
 
==References==
 
==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug15}}#All About Birds
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#Amouret, J., Steinauer, K., Hallgrimsson, G.T. & Pálsson, S. (2015) Evolutionary status of Icelandic Redpolls ''Carduelis flammea islandica'' (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae). J. Orn. 156(4): 1035–1048. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2015.1125850
−
#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved March 2016)
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#Clement, P. (2018). Redpoll (''Acanthis flammea''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/61363 on 10 September 2018).
 +
#Knox, A. G. and P. E. Lowther (2000). Common Redpoll (''Acanthis flammea''), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.543
 +
#Mason, N.A. & Taylor, S.A. (2015) Differentially expressed genes match bill morphology and plumage despite largely undifferentiated genomes in a Holarctic songbird. Mol. Ecol. 24(12): 3009–3025.
 +
#Christidis et al. 2014. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, version 4.1 (Downloadable checklist). Accessed 11 September 2018 from https://www.howardandmoore.org/
 +
#{{Ref-GillDonsker18V8.2}}#[https://www.allaboutbirds.org/from-many-one-how-many-species-of-redpolls-are-there/ All About Birds]
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
 +
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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{{GSearch|Carduelis+flammea Use ''Carduelis flammea'' to}}
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{{GSearch|"Carduelis flammea" {{!}} "Acanthis flammea" {{!}} "Common Redpoll"}}
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{{GSearch|Carduelis+cabaret Use ''Carduelis cabaret'' to}}
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{{GS-checked}}1
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{{GSearch|Acanthis+flammea Use ''Acanthis flammea'' to}}
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
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{{Video|Common_Redpoll}}
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
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{{Video|Lesser_Redpoll Use "Lesser Redpoll" to}}
 
  
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[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Bird Songs]] [[Category:Acanthis]] [[Category:Videos]]
+
 
 +
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Bird Songs]] [[Category:Acanthis]]

Latest revision as of 21:47, 9 February 2023

Adult male A. f. flammea
Photo © by Doug Lloyd
Wasilla, Alaska, 4 January 2004
Acanthis flammea

Carduelis flammea

Identification

Adult female A. f. flammea
Photo © by wonderview
Nova Scotia, Canada, 26 February 2015

11.5-14 cm (4½-5½ in)
Adult

  • Streaky finch with pale feather edges
  • Red forehead and crown
  • Black lores and chin
  • Dark eye line
  • Pale supercilium
  • Cheeks darker gray than the rest of the head and nape
  • Two wing bars
  • Grey flight and tail feathers with buff-colored edges
  • Pale rump streaked with gray
  • Whitish breast, flanks, and belly
  • Variable amount of streaking on the breast and flanks
  • Males have a variable amount of rose wash across the upper breast that is absent in females
  • Sharply pointed yellow bill with a black tip and culmen

Juvenile

  • Similar to adult but lacks red
  • Buff wing bars
Juvenile A. f. islandica
Photo © by Joseph Morlan
Akureyri, Iceland, 26 July 2018

Similar Species

Hoary Redpoll is larger and paler with shorter, thicker bill and usually more extensive thigh feathering. Undertail coverts usually unstreaked. Lesser Redpoll smaller, darker and more heavily streaked. Some individuals not safely identified.

Distribution

Breeds in the northern parts of the New and Old Worlds. Winter range extends farther south, but is not very predictable. An irruptive species, this bird can be abundant in places some winters and completely absent in other winters. Birds ringed in Norway have been recovered in China just north of the border of North Korea, about 4000 km away from Troms County.

Taxonomy

Subspecies rostrata
Photo © by Doc Duck
Ringve Botanical Garden, Trondheim, Norway, 6 March 2020

Formerly placed in genus Carduelis. Lesser Redpoll formerly included in this species. A. f. islandica considered a synonym of A. f. rostrata by Clement (2018)[3], Gill & Donsker (2018)[7], and Christides et al (2014)[6]. However its validity confirmed by Amouret et al. (2015)[2] and accepted by Clements et al. (2018)[1]. A genetic study by Mason & Taylor (2015)[5] found that phenotypic variation in all Redpolls is a result of RNA expressing plumage differences without actual differences in DNA. They advocate lumping all the Redpolls into a single species[8], but their recommendation has not yet been adopted by major taxonomic authorities.

Subspecies

There are three subspecies:[1]

  • A. f. flammea - Small and dark.
  • Northern Eurasia and northern North America
  • A. f. rostrata - Large and dark
  • Northern Labrador, Baffin Island and southern Greenland; winters to north-eastern North America and British Isles
  • A. f. islandica - Similar to A. f. rostrata but smaller and with paler rump.
  • Iceland

Habitat

Coniferous and birch woodlands.

Behaviour

Diet

The diet includes small seeds.

Breeding

It builds an open cup nest from twigs, rootlets and grasses, lined with thick layer of feathers or hair. 4-6 greenish white to pale blue, spotted with purple at large end, eggs are laid.

Vocalisation

Song usually single or repeated calls in short combinations: especially chatter and rattle calls che, che, che, tschrrrr, repeated. Common Redpoll voice clip

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Amouret, J., Steinauer, K., Hallgrimsson, G.T. & Pálsson, S. (2015) Evolutionary status of Icelandic Redpolls Carduelis flammea islandica (Aves, Passeriformes, Fringillidae). J. Orn. 156(4): 1035–1048. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2015.1125850
  3. Clement, P. (2018). Redpoll (Acanthis flammea). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/61363 on 10 September 2018).
  4. Knox, A. G. and P. E. Lowther (2000). Common Redpoll (Acanthis flammea), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.543
  5. Mason, N.A. & Taylor, S.A. (2015) Differentially expressed genes match bill morphology and plumage despite largely undifferentiated genomes in a Holarctic songbird. Mol. Ecol. 24(12): 3009–3025.
  6. Christidis et al. 2014. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, version 4.1 (Downloadable checklist). Accessed 11 September 2018 from https://www.howardandmoore.org/
  7. Gill, F & D Donsker (Eds). 2018. IOC World Bird List (v8.2). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.8.2. Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/
  8. All About Birds

Recommended Citation

External Links

GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

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