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(Picture of rear eyes. Misc additions. References updated) |
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'''Includes Ridgway's Pygmy-Owl; Tucuman Pygmy-Owl''' | '''Includes Ridgway's Pygmy-Owl; Tucuman Pygmy-Owl''' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
+ | 16-18 cm<br /> | ||
Red, brown, and grey morphs occur, and tail varies having whitish, orange-buffy, or no bars. As with most Pygmy-Owls, there are pale areas on the back of the head imitating an extra pair of eyes. | Red, brown, and grey morphs occur, and tail varies having whitish, orange-buffy, or no bars. As with most Pygmy-Owls, there are pale areas on the back of the head imitating an extra pair of eyes. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
From [[Arizona]] and south-east [[Texas]] through [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]] to [[South America]] where found east of the Andes to [[Argentina]]. | From [[Arizona]] and south-east [[Texas]] through [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]] to [[South America]] where found east of the Andes to [[Argentina]]. | ||
+ | [[Image:Ferruginous Pygmy Owl P1080062.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Showing the rear 'eyes'<br />Photo by {{user|njlarsen|njlarsen}}<br />Hazienda Chichén, Yucatan, [[Mexico]], May 2012]] | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
In the past, [[Austral Pygmy-Owl]] has been considered part of Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl. Konig et al.<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup> additionally have split subspecies ''ridgwayi'' (including ''cactorum'' and the not universally recognized ''saturatum'') as the full species Ridgway's Pygmy-Owl ''Glaucidium ridgwayi'' which would include the birds from [[Panama]] to the [[USA]]; this has not been recognized by any of the world-wide checklists. Tucuman Pygmy-Owl (ssp tucumanum) is also sometimes split as full species. | In the past, [[Austral Pygmy-Owl]] has been considered part of Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl. Konig et al.<sup>[[#References|2]]</sup> additionally have split subspecies ''ridgwayi'' (including ''cactorum'' and the not universally recognized ''saturatum'') as the full species Ridgway's Pygmy-Owl ''Glaucidium ridgwayi'' which would include the birds from [[Panama]] to the [[USA]]; this has not been recognized by any of the world-wide checklists. Tucuman Pygmy-Owl (ssp tucumanum) is also sometimes split as full species. | ||
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*''G. b. tucumanum'' (Tucuman): Subtropical western Argentina (Salta and Tucumán to Córdoba) | *''G. b. tucumanum'' (Tucuman): Subtropical western Argentina (Salta and Tucumán to Córdoba) | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
− | + | A wide variety of habitats from primary lowland forest to coastal scrub and semi-open areas. | |
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
Crepuscular, with some activity at both day and night (especially moon-lit nights). May even spontaneously sing in the middle of the day and is easily provoked to do so by imitation. | Crepuscular, with some activity at both day and night (especially moon-lit nights). May even spontaneously sing in the middle of the day and is easily provoked to do so by imitation. | ||
+ | ====Diet==== | ||
+ | Their diet includes eggs and chicks. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
− | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug13}}#König, C., F. Weick, & J.-H. Becking. 1999. Owls - a guide to the owls of the world. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300079206 |
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== |
Revision as of 23:40, 21 August 2013
- Glaucidium brasilianum
Includes Ridgway's Pygmy-Owl; Tucuman Pygmy-Owl
Identification
16-18 cm
Red, brown, and grey morphs occur, and tail varies having whitish, orange-buffy, or no bars. As with most Pygmy-Owls, there are pale areas on the back of the head imitating an extra pair of eyes.
Distribution
From Arizona and south-east Texas through Mexico and Central America to South America where found east of the Andes to Argentina.
Taxonomy
In the past, Austral Pygmy-Owl has been considered part of Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl. Konig et al.2 additionally have split subspecies ridgwayi (including cactorum and the not universally recognized saturatum) as the full species Ridgway's Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium ridgwayi which would include the birds from Panama to the USA; this has not been recognized by any of the world-wide checklists. Tucuman Pygmy-Owl (ssp tucumanum) is also sometimes split as full species.
Subspecies
Thirteen subspecies are recognized by Clements1.
- G. b. cactorum: South-eastern Arizona and western Mexico (Sonora to Oaxaca)
- G. b. saturatum: Southern Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala
- G. b. ridgwayi: Southern Texas (lower Rio Grande Valley) to Panama (Canal Zone)
- G. b. medianum: Tropical lowlands of northern Colombia
- G. b. margaritae: Isla Margarita (Venezuela)
- G. b. phaloenoides: Tropical northern Venezuela, Trinidad and the Guianas
- G. b. duidae: Tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Duida)
- G. b. olivaceum: Tepuis of southern Venezuela (Mount Auyan-Tepuí)
- G. b. ucayalae: Eastern base of Andes of south-eastern Colombia to Peru and northern Bolivia
- G. b. brasilianum: Southern Amazonian Brazil to eastern Paraguay, Uruguay and north-eastern Argentina
- G. b. pallens: Chaco of eastern Bolivia, western Paraguay and northern Argentina
- G. b. stranecki: Southern Uruguay to central Argentina
- G. b. tucumanum (Tucuman): Subtropical western Argentina (Salta and Tucumán to Córdoba)
Habitat
A wide variety of habitats from primary lowland forest to coastal scrub and semi-open areas.
Behaviour
Crepuscular, with some activity at both day and night (especially moon-lit nights). May even spontaneously sing in the middle of the day and is easily provoked to do so by imitation.
Diet
Their diet includes eggs and chicks.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson. 2013. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.8., with updates to August 2013. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- König, C., F. Weick, & J.-H. Becking. 1999. Owls - a guide to the owls of the world. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300079206
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Ferruginous Pygmy Owl. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 28 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Ferruginous_Pygmy_Owl
External Links