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Difference between revisions of "Kalij Pheasant" - BirdForum Opus

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[[Image:Kalij_Pheasant.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Subspecies ''L. l. hamiltonii'', male<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|dineshagg|dineshagg}}<br />[[Jim Corbett National Park (Uttaranchal)|Corbett National Park]], [[India]], 2 November 2005]]
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[[Image:Kalij_Pheasant.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by dineshagg]]
 
  
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[[Image:Kalij_pheasant.JPG|thumb|550px|right|Photo by Alok Tewari. Taken at Dalhousie, Himachal Pradesh, India ( Alt. 7000 ft above MSL )]]
 
 
;[[:Category:Lophura|Lophura]] leucomelanos
 
;[[:Category:Lophura|Lophura]] leucomelanos
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
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Male - blue-black, white speckled back, red eyering.  Female - medium brown with light spots.
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[[Image:Kalij_pheasant_2_alok.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''L. l. hamiltonii'', female<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Ranikhet, Alt. 6900 ft above MSL, Uttarahand [[Himalayas]], [[India]], 5 April 2019]]
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Male 63–74 cm (24¾-29 in); female 50–60 cm (19¾-23½ in)
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'''Male (Nominate)'''
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*Red eyering
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*Bluish-black upperparts plumage
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*White speckles from lower back to uppertail-[[Topography#General Anatomy|coverts]]
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*Whitish breast
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*Blackish-brown wings and vent
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*Tail: Bluish-black above and black underneath<br />
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'''Female'''
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*Reddish-brown overall plumage
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*Feathers have white edges, giving a scalloped appearance
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*Black tail has chestnut central [[Topography#Tails|retrices]]<br />
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'''Juvenile''': dark brown overall plumage, with white spots on the underparts
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====Variations====
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The western Himalayan variety have white crowns compared to the black crowns of the eastern species.
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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N [[India]] to SE [[Asia]].
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North [[India]] to South-east [[Asia]].
  
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Hawaii (Introduced)
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[[Hawaii]] (Introduced)
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[[Image:kalij_pheasant_alok.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''L. l. hamiltonii'', juvenile male<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Ranikhet, Alt. 6800 ft., Uttarakhand [[Himalayas]], [[India]], 3 April 2018]]
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==Taxonomy==
  
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==Taxonomy==
 
 
====Subspecies====
 
====Subspecies====
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*''L. l. hamiltonii'' - Western Himalayas (Indus River to w [[Nepal]])
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There are 9 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
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*''L. l. hamiltonii'' - Western [[Himalayas]] (Indus River to western [[Nepal]])
 
*''L. l. leucomelanos'' - Subtropical pine, sal, and moist temperate forests of Nepal
 
*''L. l. leucomelanos'' - Subtropical pine, sal, and moist temperate forests of Nepal
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*''L. l. melanota'' - Sikkim and w [[Bhutan]]
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*''L. l. melanota'' - Sikkim and western [[Bhutan]]
 
*''L. l. moffitti'' - Range unknown; possibly central [[Bhutan]]
 
*''L. l. moffitti'' - Range unknown; possibly central [[Bhutan]]
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*''L. l. lathami'' - E [[Bhutan]] and n [[India]] to [[Myanmar]]
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*''L. l. lathami'' - East [[Bhutan]] and northern [[India]] to [[Myanmar]]
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*''L. l. williamsi'' - W [[Myanmar]] (east to Irrawaddy River)
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*''L. l. williamsi'' - West [[Myanmar]] (east to Irrawaddy River)
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*''L. l. oatesi'' - S [[Myanmar]] (Arakan Yoma Mountains)
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*''L. l. oatesi'' - South [[Myanmar]] (Arakan Yoma Mountains)
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*''L. l. lineata'' - S [[Myanmar]] (east of Irrawaddy River) to nw [[Thailand]]
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*''L. l. lineata'' - South [[Myanmar]] (east of Irrawaddy River) to north-western [[Thailand]]
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*''L. l. crawfurdii'' - SE [[Myanmar]] (Tenasserim) and peninsular [[Thailand]]
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*''L. l. crawfurdii'' - South-East [[Myanmar]] (Tenasserim) and peninsula [[Thailand]]
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
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Foothills of [[Himalayas]].
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The are to be found in a variety of habitat types, from evergreen to deciduous forests, thickets and shrubs; also areas under cultivation. Heights range from around sea level to over 2000 metres.
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[[Image:Kalij Pheasant crawfurdii sp.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''crawfurdii''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|robby+thai|robby thai}}<br />Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand, 23 April 2016]]
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
 +
====Diet====
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[[Dictionary_M-O#O|Omnivorous]]. Their varied diet consists of bamboo seeds, acorns, figs, forest yams, ripe fruit, small snakes and termites. They forage early morning and late afternoons in fields and on tracks, scratching around also for roots and tubers. Usually in groups numbering up to 20 birds.
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====Breeding====
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The nest is a shallow scrape on the ground, often near water and sometimes lined with leaves. The female lays a clutch of 6-9 creamy-white to reddish-buff eggs. Larger clutch is usually produced by more than one female. She incubates alone for 20-22 days.
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====Vocalisation====
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Common call is a loud whistling chuckle heard mainly at dawn and dusk. Other whistling squeals when flushed.
 +
====Movements====
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Believed to be sedentary, although some seasonal movement likely in northern part of range and for food and water.
 +
 
==References==
 
==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug14}}
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#Bouglouan, N. (2013) Kalij Pheasant (''Lophura leucomelanos''). In [http://www.oiseaux-birds.com/card-kalij-pheasant.html Oiseaux-birds]
 +
#McGowan, P.J.K. & Kirwan, G.M. (2020). Kalij Pheasant (''Lophura leucomelanos''). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/53489 on 6 February 2020).
 +
#Pratt, H.D., Bruner, P., and Berrett, D.G. (1987) A Field Guide to the Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press.
 +
#Pyle, R.L., and P. Pyle. 2017. The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status. B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A. Version 2 (1 January 2017) http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/birds/rlp-monograph/
 +
#Rasmussen, P.C. & Anderton, J.C. (2012) Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Vols. 1 and 2. Second Edition. Smithsonian Institution. Michigan State University & Lynx Edicions, Washington. D.C., Michigan & Barcelona.
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
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==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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{{GSearch|Lophura+leucomelanos}}  
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{{GSearch|"Lophura leucomelanos" {{!}} "Kalij Pheasant"}}
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[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Lophura]]
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<br />
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{{VSearch|"Lophura leucomelanos" {{!}} "Kalij Pheasant"}}
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{{GS-checked}}1
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<br />
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<br />
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[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Lophura]] [[Category:Videos]]

Latest revision as of 18:32, 28 April 2023

Subspecies L. l. hamiltonii, male
Photo © by dineshagg
Corbett National Park, India, 2 November 2005
Lophura leucomelanos

Identification

Subspecies L. l. hamiltonii, female
Photo © by Alok Tewari
Ranikhet, Alt. 6900 ft above MSL, Uttarahand Himalayas, India, 5 April 2019

Male 63–74 cm (24¾-29 in); female 50–60 cm (19¾-23½ in) Male (Nominate)

  • Red eyering
  • Bluish-black upperparts plumage
  • White speckles from lower back to uppertail-coverts
  • Whitish breast
  • Blackish-brown wings and vent
  • Tail: Bluish-black above and black underneath

Female

  • Reddish-brown overall plumage
  • Feathers have white edges, giving a scalloped appearance
  • Black tail has chestnut central retrices

Juvenile: dark brown overall plumage, with white spots on the underparts

Variations

The western Himalayan variety have white crowns compared to the black crowns of the eastern species.

Distribution

North India to South-east Asia.

Hawaii (Introduced)

Subspecies L. l. hamiltonii, juvenile male
Photo © by Alok Tewari
Ranikhet, Alt. 6800 ft., Uttarakhand Himalayas, India, 3 April 2018

Taxonomy

Subspecies

There are 9 subspecies[1]:

  • L. l. hamiltonii - Western Himalayas (Indus River to western Nepal)
  • L. l. leucomelanos - Subtropical pine, sal, and moist temperate forests of Nepal
  • L. l. melanota - Sikkim and western Bhutan
  • L. l. moffitti - Range unknown; possibly central Bhutan
  • L. l. lathami - East Bhutan and northern India to Myanmar
  • L. l. williamsi - West Myanmar (east to Irrawaddy River)
  • L. l. oatesi - South Myanmar (Arakan Yoma Mountains)
  • L. l. lineata - South Myanmar (east of Irrawaddy River) to north-western Thailand
  • L. l. crawfurdii - South-East Myanmar (Tenasserim) and peninsula Thailand

Habitat

The are to be found in a variety of habitat types, from evergreen to deciduous forests, thickets and shrubs; also areas under cultivation. Heights range from around sea level to over 2000 metres.

Subspecies crawfurdii
Photo © by robby thai
Kaeng Krachan National Park, Thailand, 23 April 2016

Behaviour

Diet

Omnivorous. Their varied diet consists of bamboo seeds, acorns, figs, forest yams, ripe fruit, small snakes and termites. They forage early morning and late afternoons in fields and on tracks, scratching around also for roots and tubers. Usually in groups numbering up to 20 birds.

Breeding

The nest is a shallow scrape on the ground, often near water and sometimes lined with leaves. The female lays a clutch of 6-9 creamy-white to reddish-buff eggs. Larger clutch is usually produced by more than one female. She incubates alone for 20-22 days.

Vocalisation

Common call is a loud whistling chuckle heard mainly at dawn and dusk. Other whistling squeals when flushed.

Movements

Believed to be sedentary, although some seasonal movement likely in northern part of range and for food and water.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Bouglouan, N. (2013) Kalij Pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos). In Oiseaux-birds
  3. McGowan, P.J.K. & Kirwan, G.M. (2020). Kalij Pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/53489 on 6 February 2020).
  4. Pratt, H.D., Bruner, P., and Berrett, D.G. (1987) A Field Guide to the Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific. Princeton University Press.
  5. Pyle, R.L., and P. Pyle. 2017. The Birds of the Hawaiian Islands: Occurrence, History, Distribution, and Status. B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, U.S.A. Version 2 (1 January 2017) http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/birds/rlp-monograph/
  6. Rasmussen, P.C. & Anderton, J.C. (2012) Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Vols. 1 and 2. Second Edition. Smithsonian Institution. Michigan State University & Lynx Edicions, Washington. D.C., Michigan & Barcelona.

Recommended Citation

External Links


GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

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