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Difference between revisions of "Middle American Leaftosser" - BirdForum Opus

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(Picture size & placement. Links. References updated)
(behav, ref, id, range, habitat)
 
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[[Image:Tawny-throated LeaftosserXP.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Photo ©  by {{user|Xyko+Paludo|Francisco Paludo}}<br />Ubatuba, SP, [[Brasil]], July, 2018]]
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[[Image:LeaftosserTawnyThroatedRBD.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Subspecies ''pullus''<br /> Photo &copy; by {{user|Ronald+B+Davis|Ronald B Davis}}<br> Rancho Naturalista near Turrialba [[Costa Rica]], December, 2015]]
 
;[[:Category:Sclerurus|Sclerurus]] mexicanus
 
;[[:Category:Sclerurus|Sclerurus]] mexicanus
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'''Includes: Dusky Leaftosser'''
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'''Disambiguation: This species is a daughter species after split of the former species Tawny-throated Leaftosser; naming of this species is complicated by the fact that one checklist tentatively retained the name Tawny-throated Leaftosser for this daughter species.'''  
  
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
15–17 cm (6-6¾ in)
 
15–17 cm (6-6¾ in)
 +
*Long thin bill
 
*Dark brown overall plumage
 
*Dark brown overall plumage
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*Long thin bill
+
*Rufous on throat to breast and rump
 +
*Upperside of tail is dusky
 +
====Variation====
 +
Bill is longer and there is more rufous on the breast of the northern subspecies.
 +
====Similar species====
 +
Compared to [[South American Leaftosser]], this species has a longer bill, and more rufous on throat and breast. It also has a slower song. 
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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[[Image:LeaftosserTawnyThroatedRBD.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Subspecies ''pullus''<br /> Photo &copy; by {{user|Ronald+B+Davis|Ronald B Davis}}<br> Rancho Naturalista near Turrialba [[Costa Rica]], December, 2015]]
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[[Central America|Central]]:<br />
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[[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]:<br />
 
 
'''Central America''': [[Mexico]], [[Baja California]], [[Guatemala]], [[Belize]], [[El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Costa Rica]] and [[Panama]]<br />
 
'''Central America''': [[Mexico]], [[Baja California]], [[Guatemala]], [[Belize]], [[El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Costa Rica]] and [[Panama]]<br />
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'''South America''': [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], [[Ecuador]], [[Peru]], [[Bolivia]] and [[Brazil]]
+
 
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
 +
This species was formerly considered a part of Tawny-throated Leaftosser together with [[South American Leaftosser]]
 
====Subspecies====
 
====Subspecies====
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Seven subspecies recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
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Two subspecies recognized<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
 
* ''S. m. mexicanus'' from tropical southeast [[Mexico]] (Veracruz and Chiapas) to [[Honduras]]
 
* ''S. m. mexicanus'' from tropical southeast [[Mexico]] (Veracruz and Chiapas) to [[Honduras]]
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* ''S. m. pullus'' from [[Costa Rica]] to western [[Panama]]; eastern [[Panama]] (Mount Tacarcuna)
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* ''S. m. pullus'' from [[Costa Rica]] to western [[Panama]]; eastern [[Panama]] (Mount Tacarcuna) (The identity of birds in eastern Panama is not certain).  
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* ''S. m. andinus'' from tropical estern [[Panama]] to [[Colombia]]
 
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* ''S. m.s obscurior'' in the western Andes of [[Colombia]] and western [[Ecuador]]
 
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* ''S. m. peruvianus'' in the tropical western Amazon basin
 
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* ''S. m. macconnelli'' from southern [[Venezuela]] to the Guianas and eastern Amazonian [[Brazil]]
 
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* ''S. m. bahiae'' in eastern [[Brazil]] (Alagoas to north-eastern São Paulo)
 
  
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''obscurior'' is sometimes accepted as full species, '''Dusky Leaftosser'''.
 
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
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Tropical lowland and montanes forests at heights around 700–2200m.
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Humid forests from tropical lowland to mainly subtropical montane humid forests at elevation up to around 2200m.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
 
====Action====
 
====Action====
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Hops on the ground
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Hops on the ground, flipping over leave litter. If disturbed, it will fly to a nearby perch on a low branch.
 
====Diet====
 
====Diet====
 
Their diet consists mostly of invertebrates.
 
Their diet consists mostly of invertebrates.
 +
====Vocalisation====
 +
The song of these two subspecies are similar in most aspects such as containing about 4 notes within 3-3,5 s with the highest pitch on first note. Each note is generally "n" shaped with initial increase in pitch followed by a slow fall and then ending in an abrupt fall in pitch. A difference is that the maximum pitch reached is higher in ''S. m. pullus'' with peak pitch difference of more than 1000 hz<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>.
 +
 
==References==
 
==References==
 
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?p=3153847 Birdforum thread] discussing possible split of this species
 
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?p=3153847 Birdforum thread] discussing possible split of this species
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#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved June 2016)
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#[https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andres-Cuervo-4/publication/314972116_Vocal_variation_and_species_limits_in_the_Sclerurus_mexicanus_complex/links/5f26b894458515b729fb6f2f/Vocal-variation-and-species-limits-in-the-Sclerurus-mexicanus-complex.pdf Paper by Cooper and Cuervo (2017)] describing vocal differences in Rufous-throated and Tawny-throated Leaftossers
 +
#Cooper, J. C., D. F. Barragán, R. C. Juárez-Jovel, and P. F. D. Boesman (2021). Middle American Leaftosser (Sclerurus mexicanus), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.tatlea1.01.1
 +
#[https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop752.htm SACC proposal] detailing the arguments for splitting Tawny-throated Leaftosser into two or more species
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
  
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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{{GSearch|Sclerurus+mexicanus}}
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{{GSearch|"Middle American Leaftosser"}}
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{{GS-checked}}<br /><br />
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<!--- Comment to editors: A search for the scientific name is completely hopeless for this bird as it is much more likely to find a different species, South American Leaftosser. The current GSearch finds the one single known image in the gallery --->
  
 
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Sclerurus]]
 
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Sclerurus]]

Latest revision as of 01:04, 12 June 2022

Subspecies pullus
Photo © by Ronald B Davis
Rancho Naturalista near Turrialba Costa Rica, December, 2015
Sclerurus mexicanus

Disambiguation: This species is a daughter species after split of the former species Tawny-throated Leaftosser; naming of this species is complicated by the fact that one checklist tentatively retained the name Tawny-throated Leaftosser for this daughter species.

Identification

15–17 cm (6-6¾ in)

  • Long thin bill
  • Dark brown overall plumage
  • Rufous on throat to breast and rump
  • Upperside of tail is dusky

Variation

Bill is longer and there is more rufous on the breast of the northern subspecies.

Similar species

Compared to South American Leaftosser, this species has a longer bill, and more rufous on throat and breast. It also has a slower song.

Distribution

Central:
Central America: Mexico, Baja California, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama

Taxonomy

This species was formerly considered a part of Tawny-throated Leaftosser together with South American Leaftosser

Subspecies

Two subspecies recognized[1]:

  • S. m. mexicanus from tropical southeast Mexico (Veracruz and Chiapas) to Honduras
  • S. m. pullus from Costa Rica to western Panama; eastern Panama (Mount Tacarcuna) (The identity of birds in eastern Panama is not certain).

Habitat

Humid forests from tropical lowland to mainly subtropical montane humid forests at elevation up to around 2200m.

Behaviour

Action

Hops on the ground, flipping over leave litter. If disturbed, it will fly to a nearby perch on a low branch.

Diet

Their diet consists mostly of invertebrates.

Vocalisation

The song of these two subspecies are similar in most aspects such as containing about 4 notes within 3-3,5 s with the highest pitch on first note. Each note is generally "n" shaped with initial increase in pitch followed by a slow fall and then ending in an abrupt fall in pitch. A difference is that the maximum pitch reached is higher in S. m. pullus with peak pitch difference of more than 1000 hz[3].

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Birdforum thread discussing possible split of this species
  3. Paper by Cooper and Cuervo (2017) describing vocal differences in Rufous-throated and Tawny-throated Leaftossers
  4. Cooper, J. C., D. F. Barragán, R. C. Juárez-Jovel, and P. F. D. Boesman (2021). Middle American Leaftosser (Sclerurus mexicanus), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.tatlea1.01.1
  5. SACC proposal detailing the arguments for splitting Tawny-throated Leaftosser into two or more species

Recommended Citation

External Links

GSearch checked for 2020 platform.

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