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| − | '''Alternative names: Amboina Cuckoo Dove, Amboina Cuckoo-Dove, Pink-breasted Cuckoo Dove, Pink-breasted Cuckoo-Dove, Slender billed Cuckoo Dove, Slender-billed Cuckoo Dove, Brown Pigeon (not to be confused with [[Brown Cuckoo Dove]], [[Brown Cuckoo-Dove]])''' | + | {{disambig}} |
| − | [[Image:Slender-billed_Cuckoo_Dove.jpg|thumb|550px|right| Probable ''Macropygia amboinensis kerstingi''<br />Photo by {{user|Mehdhalaouate|Mehd Halaouate}}<br />Taja, [[Papua]], [[Indonesia]], September 2004]]
| + | '''Slender-billed Cuckoo-Dove''' may refer to one of two species previously considered conspecific under the name '''Slender-billed Cuckoo-Dove''' (''Macropygia amboinensis''): |
| − | ==Identification==
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| − | 34–37 cm, 13.4-14.6 inches, 107–179 g<br />
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| − | ====Male====
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| − | *Dark orangey brown forehead and face
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| − | *Reddish brown [[Topography Artwork Heads|crown]]
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| − | *Orangey brown sides and back of neck
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| − | *Silver green or silver pink [[Dictionary G-L#I|iridescence]] to edges of neck feathers
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| − | *Orangey brown[[Topography Artwork General Anatomy|mantle]] with blackish speckles
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| − | *Mainly reddish brown upperparts
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| − | *Blackish [[Topography Artwork Wings|wing coverts]] with reddish tips
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| − | *Brownish black [[Topography Artwork Wings|primaries]] and [[Topography Artwork Wings|secondaries]] with outer webs having narrow brownish orange or light brown edges
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| − | *Pale brown throat
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| − | *Golden brown breast with pink tinge with thin black bars and brownish pink tips to feathers, giving breast a mottled look
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| − | *Reddish brown belly and [[Topography Artwork General Anatomy|undertail coverts]]
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| − | *Dark reddish brown central [[Dictionary P-S#R|retrices]]
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| − | *Shorter reddish brown outer retrices with black subterminal band
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| − | *Grey or blue iris with red, yellow or orange outer ring
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| − | *Brown or black beak
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| − | *Red to purple feet
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| − | ====Female====
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| − | *Reddish brown forehead and [[Topography Artwork Heads|crown]] with black speckles
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| − | *Lacks iridescent neck feathers
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| − | *Redder and more heavily barred above
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| − | *Blackish [[Topography Artwork Wings|wing coverts]] with broad orangey brown or red brown edges
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| − | *Reddish brown hind neck and upper [[Topography Artwork General Anatomy|mantle]] with fine dark vermiculations
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| − | *Pale streak beneath the eye
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| − | ====Juvenile====
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| − | *Similar to female
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| − | *Hindneck, [[Topography Artwork General Anatomy|mantle]] and [[Topography Artwork Wings|uppertail covert]] feathers with black subterminal bars and orangey brown edges
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| − | *Redder underparts that are more closely barred than adults
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| − | ====Similar Species====
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| − | *The smaller [[Black-billed Cuckoo-Dove]] in [[New Guinea]] has a smaller, thicker beak, a reddish brown head, darker underparts, black barring on tail, but no black barring on breast
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| − | *The [[Mackinlay's Cuckoo-Dove]] in the Bismarck Archipeligo is also smaller, uniformly more reddish brown, with paler head and underparts
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| − | *The [[White-faced Cuckoo-Dove]] in [[Sulawesi]] and it's satellites is sooty black with a conspicuous white face
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| − | *The [[Great Cuckoo-Dove]] in the [[Moluccas]] and [[New Guinea]] is much larger and longer tailed, has purplish, reddish brown upperparts and creamy white head and underparts in Moluccas
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| − | *The [[Pied Cuckoo-Dove]] in the Bismarck Archipeligo is also larger, shorter tailed with whitish head and underparts, blackish upperparts and tail.
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| − | ==Distribution==
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| − | Found from [[Sulawesi]] east over [[Indonesia]] (including [[Moluccas]]) to [[New Guinea]], Bismarck Archipelago, D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago and Louisiade Archipelago.
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| − | ==Taxonomy==
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| − | Formerly treated as conspecific with [[Brown Cuckoo-Dove]] from [[Australia]].
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| − | ====Subspecies====
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| − | There are 15 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
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| − | *''M. a. amboinensis'':
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| − | :*Southern [[Moluccas]] (Buru, Seram, Ambon and Seram Laut)
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| − | *''M. a. sanghirensis'': Male has a very light blue grey crown and nape, is more boldly barred on breast, but unbarred on the foreneck, and less reddish brown on undertail coverts. Female is much darker with black mottled crown and relatively large (wing 178 mm)
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| − | :*Sangihe, Siau, Tahulandang, Ruang and Talaud islands
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| − | *''M. a. albicapilla'': Male has yellowy white forehead, grey tinged crown, strong breast barring with no pink tinge and upperparts richer reddish brown than in other races. Female is paler than female ''sanghirensis'', particularly on face and underparts, small (wing 161 mm)
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| − | :*[[Sulawesi]], Banggai, Tukangbesi and adjacent islands
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| − | *''M. a. batchianensis'': Sometimes called ''albiceps''<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>. Male has more orangey brown crown and head, paler throat, less iridescence of hindneck, paler upperparts, almost unbarred underparts with extensive pinkish hue to breast. Female has darker crown and darker reddish brown underparts (wing 163 mm)
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| − | :*Northern [[Moluccas]]
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| − | *''M. a. keyensis'': Male has paler forehead than nominate, grey crown and nape, strongly and extensively barred underparts. Female has strongly barred hindcrown and mantle, broad reddish brown edges to wing coverts and lacks barring on breast and belly (wing 178 mm);
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| − | :*Kai Islands (south-eastern Moluccas)
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| − | *''M. a. doreya'': Has neck and upper breast pale pinkish brown, with or without barring. Female is very similar to female ''keyensis'', but with greenish iridescence to hindneck (wing 160 mm)
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| − | :*North-western [[New Guinea]] and western Papuan islands
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| − | *''M. a. maforensis'': Male has slate grey crown and nape with green iridescence to hindneck, differing from male ''doreya'' by lacking conspicuous wine red suffusion to breast and whitish forehead. Female has feathers of smallest wing coverts and rump edged yellowish brown, and throat whitish (wing 165 mm)
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| − | :*Numfor Island (Geelvink Bay off northern New Guinea)
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| − | *''M. a. griseinucha'': Male differs from male ''doreya'' by lacking dark barring to underparts, whiter forehead and throat, greyish wine red breast, with lighter undertail coverts and underwing coverts (wing 174 mm)
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| − | :*Meos Num Island (Geelvink Bay off northern New Guinea)
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| − | *''M. a. kerstingi'': Male weaker barring below than ''doreya'', paler face and forehead, and pinker breast, crown and nape have strong blue tinge, rest of upperparts are like ''sanghirensis''. Female is very similar to ''doreya'' (wing 171 mm)
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| − | :*Northern New Guinea (Mamberano to Astrolabe Bay) and Yapen Island
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| − | *''M. a. goldiei'':
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| − | :*Coastal southern New Guinea (Merauke region to Milne Bay)
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| − | *''M. a. meeki'': Male is closest to ''maforensis'', but has darker upperparts, more wine red breast, less rusty yellow abdomen and less reddish brown tail. Female is like ''doreya'', but colder brown, with paler yellowish brown forecrown and underparts (wing 158–165 mm)
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| − | :*Manam Island (off north-eastern New Guinea)
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| − | *''M. a. carteretia'': Similar to ''kerstingi'' but lighter with more yellow brown on forehead and face of male, light pink breast and light brown underparts. Female is spotted with light yellowish brown on throat and breast (wing 166 mm), but birds from Feni Island are smaller (wing 158 mm), with cold brown upperparts and reduced warmer edges to wing coverts
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| − | :*New Hanover (Bismarck Archipelago)
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| − | *''M. a. hueskeri'': Similar to ''carteretia'', but has darker upperparts and tail, more rufous wing coverts, finely blackishbarred breast. Female has pale streak on ear coverts (wing 165 mm).
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| − | :*Bismarck Archipelago (except New Hanover) and Lihir Island
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| − | *''M. a. cinereiceps'': Male closest to ''kerstingi'', but has warmer yellowish brown face and forehead, browner crown and more narrowly barred below. Female is very close to ''kerstingi'' (wing 168 mm)
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| − | :*D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago
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| − | *''M. a. cunctata'': Like ''cinereiceps'', but has more barred breast, longer wing (170–176 mm), metallic green hindneck, greyish white foreneck, slate grey crown and bright reddish brown undertail coverts
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| − | :*Louisiade Archipelago
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| − | The following subspecies are also recognised by some authorities
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| − | *''M. a. atrata'': Like ''albicapilla'', but larger (wing 182 mm), darker and lacks white tips to breast feathers
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| − | :*Togian Islands (off east central Sulawesi)
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| − | *''M. a. sedecima'': Male sedecima very like ''albicapilla'', but crown browner, paler and more cinnamon above, and darker below. Female hass more strongly barred hindneck and mantle and has uniform chestnut forecrown, small, (wing 152 mm)
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| − | :*Sula
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| − | *''M. a balim'': Differs from ''kerstingi'' and ''cinereiceps'' being larger, much lighter coloration on the breast and abdomen and duller upperparts. Females have these characteristics enhanced (wing 175–182 mm)
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| − | :*Balim Valley (West Papua)
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| − | *''M. a. admiralitatis'': Have entirely barred underparts
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| − | :*Manus (and possibly Mussau), (Admirality Islands)
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| − | ==Habitat==
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| − | Primary and secondary forest, forest edge in gallery woodland, isolated groups of trees in grassland and gardens. In mainland [[New Guinea]], occurs up to 1800 m, locally to 2100 m and up to 2000 m in [[Sulawesi]]. Usually found up to 1500 m in Wallacea, occuring above 1600 m in disturbed habitat only. in New Britain and New Ireland mainly inhabits lowlands and foothills up to 900 m, with occasional records above this, up to 1200 m. Normally single or in pairs, but sometimes in groups of 8–20 strong.
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| − | ==Behaviour==
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| − | ====Diet====
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| − | Small fruits, seeds and nuts. Gizzard contents show that grass seeds are also taken.. On [[Sulawesi]], known to feed on 15 different species of fruit (96·1%) and flowers (3·9%). In primary forest, it is found feeding in middle storey to canopy. In other habitats it visits it feeds mostly on low trees and shrubs. Feeds and takes grit from ground on occasion.
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| − | ====Breeding====
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| − | Little data available on seasonal trends, but thought to breed year round. Nest with egg in late December on Togian Island, pair observed displaying in November on Buru, nest with egg in late August on Halmahera; in [[New Guinea]] breeding has been reportedfrom March to June and August to October. Display flight starts on low perch, the male flying sharply upwards to canopy on loudly clapping wings and with partially spread tail, before descending in a semicircular flight, with wings held stiffly downwards and tail fully spread. <br />A large nest is made of twigs and sticks, as well as leaf and fern fragments and is 9 cm deep, 25–30 cm across and 0.8–6 m above ground, built in thick vines and ferns, on a large Pandanus leaf, or in branches near the top of a small tree, close to the trunk. One white or yellowish-white egg. Incubation by both sexes.
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| − | ====Vocalisation====
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| − | Two distinct calls have been reported. In [[Papua New Guinea]], [[New Britain]] and on [[Manus Island]], a repeated monotonous “whop-whop-whop-whop...” that often rises in pitch, at rate of 2–2.5 seconds for 2–12 seconds, whereas on the Vogelkop Peninsula and [[Halmahera]] a slower, disyllabic “hu-woot, hu-woot, hu-woot...”, or rising “wu-up” is reported. On Togian Island, the call is higher pitched with the emphasis on the second note, at a rate of 0.7 notes per second and repeated 3–5 or more times. Also has a growling “crOOOuw” associated with a bowing display. Calls mainly higher pitched and less vibrant than those of [[Dictionary P-S#S|sympatric]] ''[[Ptilinopus]]'' fruit doves and faster and higher pitched than those of [[Stephan's Dove]].
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| − | ====Movement====
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| − | Not known
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| − | ==References==
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| − | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug15}}#Avibase
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| − | #Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved January 2016)
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| − | {{ref}}
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| − | ==External Links==
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| − | {{GSearch|Macropygia+amboinensis}}
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| − | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Macropygia]] | + | *'''[[Amboyna Cuckoo-Dove]]''' - ''Macropygia amboinensis'' |
| | + | *'''[[Sultan's Cuckoo-Dove]]''' - ''Macropygia doreya'' |
