From Opus

Photo of pale phase bird by Steve Garvie
Formentor peninsula, Mallorca, Spain.

Falco eleonorae

[edit] Identification

36-42cm
Dark Morph

• Brownish-grey (can look black)
• Underwing is two-toned darker on the coverts
  

Pale Morph

• Blackish head and moustache
• Throat and neck whitish
• Black-streaked reddish underparts
  

Photo of dark phase bird by Momo
Voni, Crete, Greece.

Juvenile

• Upperparts greyish with buff feather edges
• Pale barred underwing coverts
• Underparts are buff with fine streaks

[edit] Similar Species

Peregrine Falcon:
Eurasian Hobby:

[edit] Distribution

Europe and Africa: As a breeding bird confined to the Western Palearctic, mainly in the Mediterranean, especially Greece, with a few colonies in the Atlantic. Most breeding colonies are found in islands, or at least on the coast, more or less unknown as a breeding bird inland. The world population is thought to be around 4-5000 pairs. Outside the Mediterranean breeds on a few islets north of Lanzarote in the Canary Islands, where declining, and at two colonies on the coast of Morocco, one at Mogador Island off Essaouira. In Spain breeds on the Balearics, where increasing, and elsewhere. There are colonies on the west coast of Italy and on islets off Sicily but the majority of Italian birds are on Sardinia. Small numbers breed in one or two colonies in the Adriatic, notably on the Tremiti Islands off Italy and on islands off Croatia. The Greek islands hold more than half the world population with most colonies on the Cyclades and on and around Crete and smaller numbers on Limnos and the Sporades. There are also small numbers on Turkish islands and three colonies on Cyprus. In Mediterranean North Africa there are colonies in Algeria on the Iles Habibas, on an islet near Skikda and on the mainland coast of Grande Kabylie.

Migration: The Eleonora's Falcon is a long distance migrant, spending northern winters in Madagascar. Some stragglers are found on northern and eastern coasts of Africa and on Indian Ocean islands between December and March. Vagrants have been recorded in Zimbabwe, Mozambique and South Africa. Most texts will indicate that migration passes through the Red Sea and the Middle East and that may still be true of birds breeding in the eastern Mediterranean; however, it seems that western Mediterranean birds migrate somewhat straight south over the Sahara until they hit tropical Africa, where the direction shifts to east to south-east¹. Spring migration of the western Mediterranean bird go from Madagascar directly to Somalia (non stop over the Indian Ocean) and from there across Africa to their breeding grounds.

[edit] Status

Considered endangered.

[edit] Taxonomy

This is a monotypic species².

[edit] Habitat

Breeds in colonies on rocky cliffs of uninhabited islands or remote and undisturbed mainland coasts. Usually seen hunting over the sea but also over marshes and freshwater lakes.

[edit] Behaviour

This is a late-summer breeder that feeds its young on migrating passerines.

[edit] References

1. Thread in Birdforum discussing results of a satellite/radio tagging experiment of Spanish birds.
2. Clements, JF. 2008. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2008. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist.
3. Birdwatchers Pocket Guide ISBN 1-85732-804-3
4. Collins Field Guide 5th Edition
5. Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6

• List of references

[edit] External Links