From Opus

Photo by Reini
Photographed: El Rocio, Donana National Park, Spain

Plegadis falcinellus

[edit] Identification

Length 55-65 cm, wingspan 88-105 cm, mass 530-768 g
Males larger than females
Bill brownish, long, thin, and evenly decurved; legs reddish-brown to olive-grey.

Breeding adult: Body reddish-brown and wings glossy bottle-green. There is a norrow white to cobalt blue line around the base of the bill.

Non-breeding adult and juvenile: Body duller.

[edit] Similar Species

In winter plumage, can be difficult to separate from White-faced Ibis (P. chihi) without close views. Best told by dark eyes and lores (red in White-faced) and narrow white stripes of even thickness above and below the lores (absent or uneven in winter plumaged White-faced).

Photo by I4ani
Valverde, Spain, 2009

[edit] Distribution

This bird is found almost world-wide but they are uncommon in some places; they are listed as rare or vagrant in many places, such as Borneo, Singapore, etc.

There is evidence to suggest that some groups are migratory with palearctic individuals making their way to Africa to over-winter.

The population in North America has been spreading in recent years. Wintering birds are now turning up regularly in northern Central America, where they were not recorded previously.

[edit] Taxonomy

This is a monotypic species^[1].

[edit] Habitat

Inhabit permanent wetlands including coastal lagoons and marshy lakeshores.

[edit] Behaviour

These birds are gregarious and may occur in large flocks containing hundreds of birds.

[edit] Diet

Food includes invertebrates, fish, frogs and small reptiles.

[edit] Breeding

The nest is a compact platform of twigs or reeds, about 30 cm diameter, usually in a tree which overhangs water. Nesting is colonial and often in mixed heronries. Two to four eggs are laid August to March (in southern Africa). Incubation is by both sexes and takes 20-23 days.

[edit] Vocalisation

[edit] References

1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson. 2012. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to October 2012. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
2. Hockey, PAR, WRJ Dean, and PG Ryan, eds. 2005. Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa. 7th ed. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. ISBN 978-0620340533
3. Wikipedia

• List of references

[edit] External Links