From Opus

Alternative name: Goosander

Male
Photo by Digiscoper321
West Sweden, February 2011

Mergus merganser

[edit] Identification

Female
Photo by Ragna
Fetcham mill pond Surrey, January 2006

Adult Male

• Greenish-black head and upper neck
• White breast, flanks and belly
• Black back and upperwing coverts with white scapulars
• White secondary coverts crossed with indistinct dark bar
• Alternate plumage worn from fall through early summer
  • Similar to adult female

Adult Female

• Red-brown head meets pale breast in crisp line of division
• Well-defined white chin
• White breast and belly
• Pale gray body plumage

Photo by GaryT
Hammond Lake, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, USA April 2010

[edit] Similar Species

Female may be confused with female Red-breasted Merganser. Common shows a distinct division between head and chest. Crest is also less shaggy than female Red-breasted.

[edit] Distribution

[edit] Breeding

[edit] Europe

Breeds in Iceland and north and west Britain, throughout Scandinavia and across Northern Europe from Poland eastwards. Scattered and isolated populations in the Alps, Denmark, Germany, and furthest south of all, very small numbers breed in northern Greece at Lake Prespa. Occasionally breeds far south of normal range and has bred several times in the Czech Republic and in Ireland. Bred for the first time in the Netherlands in 1996.

[edit] Asia

Breeds across Central and northern Asia to northern China, Sakhalin and occasionally Hokkaido.

[edit] North America

Breeds in south-east Alaska and western Canada across the forest zone of central Canada and east to Newfoundland. In the USA breeds in the north-east and around the Great Lakes, and in the west range extends south to northern California, Arizona and New Mexico.

Northernmost populations are migratory, most others resident or partial migrants, moving to coastal areas close to breeding site. In winter found in southern Britain and northern France east to Poland and in coastal Norway and Sweden. Small numbers also winter in Central Europe, the northern Mediterranean and the Black and Caspian Seas. In the Far East winters from Japan southwards and in North America winters over much of the USA except the north-central states and the Gulf Coast.

Vagrant to Greenland, the Faroes and Svalbard and south to Portugal and Spain, the Mediterranean islands, North Africa and Israel, also recorded on Bermuda.

[edit] Taxonomy

[edit] Subspecies

There are 3 subspecies^[1]: Nominate race breeds in Europe and northern Asia; the larger and finer-billed race comatus in Central Asia and americanus in North America which has deeper base to bill and male has dark bar across bases of median coverts.

[edit] Habitat

Breeds along rivers and lakeshores in wooded areas, sometimes on moorland, on passage and in winter on large freshwaters, ofen reservoirs and gravel-pits, sometimes estuaries but rarely on the sea.

[edit] Behaviour

The diet includes fish, mussels, shrimp, and aquatic insects.

[edit] Vocalisation

[edit] References

1. Clements, JF. 2010. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2010. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/Clements%206.5.xls/view

• List of references

[edit] External Links

This link searches for Common Goosander