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Difference between revisions of "Gray Hawk" - BirdForum Opus

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'''Alternative name: Gray-lined Hawk<br>'''
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[[Image:Grey_hawk_mexico.jpg‎|thumb|550px|right|Photo by gatafrancesca<br />Locality: Huatulco, Oaxaca, [[Mexico]]]]
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;[[:Category:Buteo|Buteo]] nitidus
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;[[:Category:Buteo|Buteo]] plagiatus
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[[Image:Grey-lined_Hawk.jpg|thumb|450px|right|Photo by Glen Tepke<br />Locality: Old Gamboa Road, Panama (race ''costaricensis'').]]
 
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
Adults are generally easily recognized by the gray-and-white barred underparts and broadly white-banded black tail.
 
Adults are generally easily recognized by the gray-and-white barred underparts and broadly white-banded black tail.
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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Found in the lowlands of the SE U.S. to N. Argentina and Brazil. Northern range occupied by ''plagiatus'': SE U.S. through Mexico and N. Central America, south to NW Costa Rica. Other races found from SW Costa Rica, through Panama and most of lowland N. and C. South America, as far south as SW Ecuador on the Pacific coast and N. Argentina east of the Andes.
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Found from southern [[Arizona]], [[New Mexico]] and [[Texas]] through [[Mexico]] and [[Central America]] south to [[Costa Rica]] where this form is found in large parts of the Caribbean lowlands and south to at least Jaco on the Pacific side. <br />
  
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
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[[Image:Grey_hawk_mexico.jpg‎|thumb|425px|right|Photo by gatafrancesca<br />Locality: Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico (race ''plagiatus'').]]
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This is a [[Dictionary_M-S#M|monotypic]] species.<br />
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====Subspecies====
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It was formerly considerd conspecific with [[Gray-lined Hawk]].
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*''B. n. plagiatus'' - Larger, darker and with more uniform upperparts than the following.
 
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*''B. n. costaricensis''
 
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*''B. n. nitidus'' - Nominate race.
 
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*''B. n. pallidus''
 
  
 
====''Asturina'' vs. ''Buteo''====
 
====''Asturina'' vs. ''Buteo''====
 
Formerly placed in the monotypic genus ''[[:Category:Asturina|Asturina]]''. Riesing ''et al.'' (2003) presented genetic data indicating that ''Asturina'' is nested within ''Buteo''. This reclassification is supported by virtually all authorities since then: Banks et al. (2006), AOU (2006 supplement), Clements (2007), SACC (2006). The Opus follows in this consensus.
 
Formerly placed in the monotypic genus ''[[:Category:Asturina|Asturina]]''. Riesing ''et al.'' (2003) presented genetic data indicating that ''Asturina'' is nested within ''Buteo''. This reclassification is supported by virtually all authorities since then: Banks et al. (2006), AOU (2006 supplement), Clements (2007), SACC (2006). The Opus follows in this consensus.
  
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====One or two species?====
 
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The taxon ''plagiatus'' was originally considered (and described as) a species, but some later authorities preferred to considered it a subspecies, often without published rationale, notably Peters (1931), which to various extent formed a basis for most later check lists. Sibley & Monroe (1990) returned to the original status in listing ''plagiatus'' as a species, but - just as earlier authorities generally provided little or no published evidence for changing ''plagiatus'' to subspecies status - Sibley & Monroe did not publish their rationale for considering it a species. Riesing ''et al.'' (2003), Howard & Moore (2003), and Clements (2007) do not recognize ''plagiatus'' as a full species, and the Opus follows in this consensus. If split, the following names and subspecies are assigned to the two:
 
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* Gray Hawk (''Buteo plagiatus''). Monotypic.
 
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* Gray-lined Hawk (''Buteo nitidus''). In addition to the nominate race, it includes races ''costaricensis'' and ''pallida''.
 
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
 
Woodland and forest, but sometimes in more open habitats with scattered trees. Mainly in lowlands, but locally up to 1800 m (5900 ft). Generally fairly common, but rarer in its limited US range.
 
Woodland and forest, but sometimes in more open habitats with scattered trees. Mainly in lowlands, but locally up to 1800 m (5900 ft). Generally fairly common, but rarer in its limited US range.
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==References==
 
==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}}#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=196527 Birdforum thread] discussing the taxonomy of Gray Hawk
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#{{Ref-Clements6thOct12}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker12V3.2}}#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=196527 Birdforum thread] discussing the taxonomy of Gray Hawk
 
#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=214277 Birdforum thread] discussing AOU proposals including one to split Gray Hawk in two parts
 
#[http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=214277 Birdforum thread] discussing AOU proposals including one to split Gray Hawk in two parts
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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{{GSearch|Buteo+nitid}}
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{{GSearch|Buteo+plagiatus}}
 
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Buteo]]
 
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Buteo]]

Revision as of 08:25, 16 October 2012

Photo by gatafrancesca
Locality: Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico
Buteo plagiatus

Identification

Adults are generally easily recognized by the gray-and-white barred underparts and broadly white-banded black tail.

Distribution

Found from southern Arizona, New Mexico and Texas through Mexico and Central America south to Costa Rica where this form is found in large parts of the Caribbean lowlands and south to at least Jaco on the Pacific side.

Taxonomy

This is a monotypic species.
It was formerly considerd conspecific with Gray-lined Hawk.

Asturina vs. Buteo

Formerly placed in the monotypic genus Asturina. Riesing et al. (2003) presented genetic data indicating that Asturina is nested within Buteo. This reclassification is supported by virtually all authorities since then: Banks et al. (2006), AOU (2006 supplement), Clements (2007), SACC (2006). The Opus follows in this consensus.

Habitat

Woodland and forest, but sometimes in more open habitats with scattered trees. Mainly in lowlands, but locally up to 1800 m (5900 ft). Generally fairly common, but rarer in its limited US range.

Behavior

Feeds on a wide range of small animals, mostly reptiles, but also birds, rodents and insects.


References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson. 2012. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to October 2012. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
  2. Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2012. IOC World Bird Names (version 3.2). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
  3. Birdforum thread discussing the taxonomy of Gray Hawk
  4. Birdforum thread discussing AOU proposals including one to split Gray Hawk in two parts

Recommended Citation

External Links

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