• Welcome to BirdForum, the internet's largest birding community with thousands of members from all over the world. The forums are dedicated to wild birds, birding, binoculars and equipment and all that goes with it.

    Please register for an account to take part in the discussions in the forum, post your pictures in the gallery and more.
ZEISS DTI thermal imaging cameras. For more discoveries at night, and during the day.

Difference between revisions of "Scarlet-chested Sunbird" - BirdForum Opus

Page Discussion
View source History
(Picture size and placement. User template)
(Imp Sizes. Pictures of nominate male and juvenile. Distribution & Taxonomy. References updated)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
[[Image:1463Scarlet-chested_Sunbird161105bf.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male Scarlet-chested Sunbird - note the pollen on the crown and behind the eye.<br />Photo by {{user|Kiki|Kiki}}<br />[[Kruger National Park]], [[South Africa]]]]
+
[[Image:DSC 1472.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Subspecies ''senegalensis''<br />Photo by {{user|d.flack|d.flack}}<br />[[Gambia]], November 2016 ]]
 
;[[:Category:Chalcomitra|Chalcomitra]] senegalensis  
 
;[[:Category:Chalcomitra|Chalcomitra]] senegalensis  
 
''Nectarinia senegalensis''  
 
''Nectarinia senegalensis''  
  
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
−
Length 13-15 cm, mass 12-15 g, males larger than females. '''Male''': Black with iridescent emerald-green crown and chin and scarlet throat and upper breast. Bill, legs and feet black, eyes dark brown. '''Female''': Upper parts and face dark brown, eyebrow whitish.  Chin and throat dark brown, feathers edged light brown.  Breast and belly pale yellow, streaked dark brown.
+
Length 13-15 cm (5-6 in), mass 12-15 g, males larger than females<br />
 +
'''Male''': Black with iridescent emerald-green crown and chin and scarlet throat and upper breast. Bill, legs and feet black, eyes dark brown.<br />
 +
'''Female''': Upper parts and face dark brown, eyebrow whitish.  Chin and throat dark brown, feathers edged light brown.  Breast and belly pale yellow, streaked dark brown.
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
−
Sub-Saharan [[Africa]].
+
[[Image:1463Scarlet-chested_Sunbird161105bf.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Male, Subspecies ''gutturalis'' - note the pollen on the crown and behind the eye.<br />Photo by {{user|Kiki|Kiki}}<br />[[Kruger National Park]], [[South Africa]], November 2005]]
 +
Sub-Saharan [[Africa]]:<br />
 +
'''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegal]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]], [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Democratic Republic of Congo]], [[Angola]]<br />
 +
'''Eastern Africa''': [[Sudan]], [[South Sudan]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]<br />
 +
'''Southern Africa''': [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]] and [[Swaziland]]
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
 
This is one of the seven Sunbirds that have recently been moved into the genus ''Chalcomitra'' from the genus ''Nectarinia''.  
 
This is one of the seven Sunbirds that have recently been moved into the genus ''Chalcomitra'' from the genus ''Nectarinia''.  
 +
====Subspecies====
 +
[[Image:12368Scarlet-chested_Sunbird4530.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female, Subspecies ''gutturalis''<br />Photo by {{user|rudydbn|rudydbn}}<br />Illovo Glen, [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa]], June 2005]]
 +
''Chalcomitra senegalensis'' has 4 subspecies, variation being mostly in the colour of the underparts<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
 +
*''C. s. senegalensis'':
 +
:[[Senegal]] to northern [[Ghana]] and northern [[Nigeria]]
 +
*''C. s. acik'':
 +
:*[[Cameroon]] to north-eastern [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Central African Republic]], south-western [[Sudan]], north-wetern [[Uganda]]
 +
*''C. s. proteus'':
 +
:*South East Sudan (Boma Hills), [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]] and northern [[Kenya]]
 +
*''C. s. lamperti'':
 +
:*East Democratic Republic of the Congo to southern Sudan, [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]] and [[Tanzania]]
 +
*''C. s. gutturalis'':
 +
:*South East Kenya to [[Angola]], western [[Zambia]], western Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern [[Botswana]], eastern [[South Africa]]
  
−
''Chalcomitra senegalensis'' has 6 subspecies, variation being mostly in the colour of the underparts.
 
−
[[Image:12368Scarlet-chested_Sunbird4530.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female Scarlet-chested Sunbird<br />Photo by {{user|rudydbn|rudydbn}}<br />Illovo Glen, [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[South Africa]]]]
 
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
 +
[[Image:2007 09 29 15 39 Juv Sc Sunbird.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo by {{user|Alan+Manson|Alan Manson}}<br />Ngwenya, adjascent to [[Kruger National Park]], [[South Africa]], September 2007]]
 
Broadleaved open woodland, moist thornveld, coastal bush, parks and gardens.
 
Broadleaved open woodland, moist thornveld, coastal bush, parks and gardens.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
−
Often in groups at nectar sources where males frequently chase conspecifics and other Sunbirds. Also hunts insects and spiders, but usually alone.  May hover to feed, but usually perches.
+
====Diet====
−
 
+
Often in groups at nectar sources where males frequently chase [[Dictionary_A-C#C|conspecifics]] and other Sunbirds. Also hunts insects and spiders, but usually alone.  May hover to feed, but usually perches.
−
Breeding: The male defends the the breeding territory.  The nest is pear-shaped with a hood over the entrance hole, and suspended from a branch. It is built by the female using dry grass, stems, leaves and/or bark bound by spider web.  Usually two eggs are laid and incubated by the female.  Chicks and fledglings are fed by both parents for up to eight weeks.  Parasitised by [[Klaas's Cuckoo]] and, less often, [[African Emerald Cuckoo]] and [[Dideric Cuckoo]]
+
====Breeding====
 +
The male defends the the breeding territory.  The nest is pear-shaped with a hood over the entrance hole, and suspended from a branch. It is built by the female using dry grass, stems, leaves and/or bark bound by spider web.  Usually two eggs are laid and incubated by the female.  Chicks and fledglings are fed by both parents for up to eight weeks.  [[Dictionary_P-S#P|Parasitised]] by [[Klaas's Cuckoo]] and, less often, [[African Emerald Cuckoo]] and [[Dideric Cuckoo]]
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
Hockey PAR, Dean WRJ & Ryan PG (eds) 2005. ''Robert's Birds of Southern Africa'', 7th edition. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. ISBN 0620340533
+
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Avibase
 +
#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved December 2016)
 +
{{Ref-Hockeyetal05}}
 +
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
 
{{GSearch|Sunbird+senegalensis}}
 
{{GSearch|Sunbird+senegalensis}}
 
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Chalcomitra]]
 
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Chalcomitra]]

Revision as of 23:06, 13 December 2016

Subspecies senegalensis
Photo by d.flack
Gambia, November 2016
Chalcomitra senegalensis

Nectarinia senegalensis

Identification

Length 13-15 cm (5-6 in), mass 12-15 g, males larger than females
Male: Black with iridescent emerald-green crown and chin and scarlet throat and upper breast. Bill, legs and feet black, eyes dark brown.
Female: Upper parts and face dark brown, eyebrow whitish. Chin and throat dark brown, feathers edged light brown. Breast and belly pale yellow, streaked dark brown.

Distribution

Male, Subspecies gutturalis - note the pollen on the crown and behind the eye.
Photo by Kiki
Kruger National Park, South Africa, November 2005

Sub-Saharan Africa:
Western Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Niger, Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola
Eastern Africa: Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Mozambique, Malawi
Southern Africa: Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, KwaZulu-Natal and Swaziland

Taxonomy

This is one of the seven Sunbirds that have recently been moved into the genus Chalcomitra from the genus Nectarinia.

Subspecies

Female, Subspecies gutturalis
Photo by rudydbn
Illovo Glen, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, June 2005

Chalcomitra senegalensis has 4 subspecies, variation being mostly in the colour of the underparts[1]:

  • C. s. senegalensis:
Senegal to northern Ghana and northern Nigeria
  • C. s. acik:
  • C. s. proteus:
  • C. s. lamperti:
  • C. s. gutturalis:

Habitat

Juvenile
Photo by Alan Manson
Ngwenya, adjascent to Kruger National Park, South Africa, September 2007

Broadleaved open woodland, moist thornveld, coastal bush, parks and gardens.

Behaviour

Diet

Often in groups at nectar sources where males frequently chase conspecifics and other Sunbirds. Also hunts insects and spiders, but usually alone. May hover to feed, but usually perches.

Breeding

The male defends the the breeding territory. The nest is pear-shaped with a hood over the entrance hole, and suspended from a branch. It is built by the female using dry grass, stems, leaves and/or bark bound by spider web. Usually two eggs are laid and incubated by the female. Chicks and fledglings are fed by both parents for up to eight weeks. Parasitised by Klaas's Cuckoo and, less often, African Emerald Cuckoo and Dideric Cuckoo

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016, with updates to August 2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Avibase
  3. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved December 2016)

Hockey, PAR, WRJ Dean, and PG Ryan, eds. 2005. Roberts' Birds of Southern Africa. 7th ed. Cape Town: John Voelcker Bird Book Fund. ISBN 978-0620340533

Recommended Citation

External Links

Retrieved from ‘https://www.birdforum.net/wiki/index.php?title=Scarlet-chested_Sunbird&oldid=220940’
Back
Top