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'''Alternative names: Garden Bulbul; Somali Bulbul; Dodson's Bulbul; Dark-capped Bulbul''' | '''Alternative names: Garden Bulbul; Somali Bulbul; Dodson's Bulbul; Dark-capped Bulbul''' | ||
;[[:Category:Pycnonotus|Pycnonotus]] barbatus | ;[[:Category:Pycnonotus|Pycnonotus]] barbatus | ||
| − | [[Image:Grd Bulbul.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by Momo | + | [[Image:Grd Bulbul.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Momo|Momo}}<br />Ourzazate, [[Morocco]] ]] |
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==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | The only ''Pycnonotus'' bulbul in most of its range and therefore generally easily identified. | |
| − | 18cm | + | 18cm |
| + | *Dark brown head and upperparts | ||
| + | *Grey brown below | ||
| + | *White or yellow vent according to subspecies<br /> | ||
| + | Sexes similar | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
It is widespread and often common in [[Africa]]. | It is widespread and often common in [[Africa]]. | ||
| − | + | [[Image:Dark-capped_Bulbul.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Dark-capped Bulbul (see taxonomy)<br />Photo by {{user|Sal|Sal}}<br />[[Kruger National Park]], [[South Africa]], ]] | |
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
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Sibley and Monroe propose to split this species into 4 species: | Sibley and Monroe propose to split this species into 4 species: | ||
* '''Garden Bulbul''' ''Pycnonotus barbatus'' from Northern Africa south to Congo-Brazzaville and Ethiopia, with the exception of the Sahara and other arid regions where generally absent. | * '''Garden Bulbul''' ''Pycnonotus barbatus'' from Northern Africa south to Congo-Brazzaville and Ethiopia, with the exception of the Sahara and other arid regions where generally absent. | ||
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* '''Dark-capped Bulbul''' ''Pycnonotus tricolor'' | * '''Dark-capped Bulbul''' ''Pycnonotus tricolor'' | ||
* '''Somali Bulbul''' ''Pycnonotus somaliensis'' | * '''Somali Bulbul''' ''Pycnonotus somaliensis'' | ||
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However, neither Howard and Moore nor Clements accept this split, neither does the Handbook of the Birds of the World.<br /> | However, neither Howard and Moore nor Clements accept this split, neither does the Handbook of the Birds of the World.<br /> | ||
This split is mainly based on morphology, especially in colour of vent (whitish or yellow), presence/absence of a white patch on the auriculars, and exact chest pattern. They interbreed widely at most localities where they meet. | This split is mainly based on morphology, especially in colour of vent (whitish or yellow), presence/absence of a white patch on the auriculars, and exact chest pattern. They interbreed widely at most localities where they meet. | ||
| − | + | [[Image:DSCF6372.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Juvenile Subspecies ''inornatus''<br />Photo by {{user|gambirder|gambirder}}<br />Fajara Golf Course, [[Gambia]], July 2010]] | |
| + | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>==== | ||
| + | Clements accepts 10 subspecies: | ||
| + | *''P. b. barbatus'': [[Morocco]], [[Algeria]] and [[Tunisia]] | ||
| + | *''P. b. inornatus'': [[Senegal]] to [[Ghana]], northern [[Niger]], northern [[Nigeria]], northern [[Cameroon]] and western [[Chad]] | ||
| + | *''P. b. gabonensis'': Central [[Nigeria]] and central [[Cameroon]] to [[Gabon]] and southern [[Congo]] | ||
| + | *''P. b. arsinoe'': Eastern [[Chad]] to [[Egypt]] and [[Sudan]] (south to Darfur, Kordofan, Nile Valley) | ||
| + | *''P. b. schoanus'': [[Eritrea]] and eastern [[Ethiopia]] to extreme south-eastern [[Sudan]] (Boma Hills) | ||
| + | *''P. b. somaliensis'': [[Djibouti]] to north-western [[Somalia]] and south-eastern [[Ethiopia]] | ||
| + | *''P. b. spurius'': Southern [[Ethiopia]] (southern Bale to northern Sidamo-Borama) | ||
| + | *''P. b. dodsoni'': Southern [[Somalia]] and adjacent [[Ethiopia]] to northern [[Kenya]] | ||
| + | *''P. b. tricolor'': Eastern [[Cameroon]] to [[Zaire]], southern [[Sudan]], [[Angola]], [[Namibia]] and [[Zambia]] | ||
| + | *''P. b. layardi'': South-eastern [[Kenya]] to eastern [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], northe-eastern [[Botswana]] and [[South Africa]] | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Virtually any habitat with some trees, but generally avoid dense forest. | Virtually any habitat with some trees, but generally avoid dense forest. | ||
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==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | It nests in a tree or bush | + | An adaptable and very bold bird which readily adapts to life alongside humans. |
| − | + | ====Breeding==== | |
| + | It nests in a tree or bush. The clutch consists of 2-3 eggs. | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
The diet includes fruit and insects. | The diet includes fruit and insects. | ||
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====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
| − | Call: loud ''doctor-quick doctor-quick be-quick be-quick''. | + | '''Call''': loud ''doctor-quick doctor-quick be-quick be-quick''. |
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==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | Wikipedia | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thDec09}}#Wikipedia |
| − | + | {{ref}} | |
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Pycnonotus+barbatus}} | {{GSearch|Pycnonotus+barbatus}} | ||
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Pycnonotus]] | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Pycnonotus]] | ||
Revision as of 23:17, 19 July 2010
Alternative names: Garden Bulbul; Somali Bulbul; Dodson's Bulbul; Dark-capped Bulbul
- Pycnonotus barbatus
Identification
The only Pycnonotus bulbul in most of its range and therefore generally easily identified.
18cm
- Dark brown head and upperparts
- Grey brown below
- White or yellow vent according to subspecies
Sexes similar
Distribution
It is widespread and often common in Africa.
Taxonomy
Sibley and Monroe propose to split this species into 4 species:
- Garden Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus from Northern Africa south to Congo-Brazzaville and Ethiopia, with the exception of the Sahara and other arid regions where generally absent.
- Dodson's Bulbul Pycnonotus dodsoni
- Dark-capped Bulbul Pycnonotus tricolor
- Somali Bulbul Pycnonotus somaliensis
However, neither Howard and Moore nor Clements accept this split, neither does the Handbook of the Birds of the World.
This split is mainly based on morphology, especially in colour of vent (whitish or yellow), presence/absence of a white patch on the auriculars, and exact chest pattern. They interbreed widely at most localities where they meet.
Subspecies[1]
Clements accepts 10 subspecies:
- P. b. barbatus: Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia
- P. b. inornatus: Senegal to Ghana, northern Niger, northern Nigeria, northern Cameroon and western Chad
- P. b. gabonensis: Central Nigeria and central Cameroon to Gabon and southern Congo
- P. b. arsinoe: Eastern Chad to Egypt and Sudan (south to Darfur, Kordofan, Nile Valley)
- P. b. schoanus: Eritrea and eastern Ethiopia to extreme south-eastern Sudan (Boma Hills)
- P. b. somaliensis: Djibouti to north-western Somalia and south-eastern Ethiopia
- P. b. spurius: Southern Ethiopia (southern Bale to northern Sidamo-Borama)
- P. b. dodsoni: Southern Somalia and adjacent Ethiopia to northern Kenya
- P. b. tricolor: Eastern Cameroon to Zaire, southern Sudan, Angola, Namibia and Zambia
- P. b. layardi: South-eastern Kenya to eastern Tanzania, Zambia, northe-eastern Botswana and South Africa
Habitat
Virtually any habitat with some trees, but generally avoid dense forest.
Behaviour
An adaptable and very bold bird which readily adapts to life alongside humans.
Breeding
It nests in a tree or bush. The clutch consists of 2-3 eggs.
Diet
The diet includes fruit and insects.
Vocalisation
Call: loud doctor-quick doctor-quick be-quick be-quick.
References
- Clements, JF. 2009. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2009. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
- Wikipedia
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Common Bulbul. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 7 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Common_Bulbul
