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Difference between revisions of "Little Shearwater" - BirdForum Opus

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[[Image: Little Shearwater.jpg|thumb|550px|right|()<br />Photo by {{robhynson|Robert Hynson|Robert Hynson}}<br />Lord Howe Island, August, 2013]]
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[[Image: Little Shearwater.jpg|thumb|550px|right|<br />Photo by {{user|robhynson|robhynson}}<br />Lord Howe Island, August, 2013]]
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;[[:Category:Puffinus|Puffinus]] assimilis
 
;[[:Category:Puffinus|Puffinus]] assimilis
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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
 
25-30cm<br />
 
25-30cm<br />
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*Underwing very white with thinner black trailing edge than similar species
 
*Underwing very white with thinner black trailing edge than similar species
 
*Wings shorter and rounder than similar species; does not reach tip of tail on resting bird
 
*Wings shorter and rounder than similar species; does not reach tip of tail on resting bird
 +
[[Image:LittleShearwater2.jpg|thumb|350px|right|<br />Photo by {{user|robhynson|robhynson}}<br />Lord Howe Island, August, 2013]]
 
*Body relatively longer than similar species
 
*Body relatively longer than similar species
 
*White cheeks extend up to sides of crown encircling dark eye (this is true for forms from [[Australia]], but for example not for ''elegans'' that have black sides of head)
 
*White cheeks extend up to sides of crown encircling dark eye (this is true for forms from [[Australia]], but for example not for ''elegans'' that have black sides of head)
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====Similar Species====
 
====Similar Species====
 
[[Manx Shearwater]], [[Audubon's Shearwater]], [[Macaronesian Shearwater]], and [[Townsend's Shearwater]].
 
[[Manx Shearwater]], [[Audubon's Shearwater]], [[Macaronesian Shearwater]], and [[Townsend's Shearwater]].
 +
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
−
Oceanic wanderers with breeding centres in the Southern Oceans and the Southern Atlantic
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Oceanic wanderers with breeding centres in the Southern Oceans around [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]].
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
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[[Macaronesian Shearwater]] has recently been split from this species (Austin 1996, Heidrich et al. 1998.).
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Clements<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>, Gill and Donsker<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> and Dickinson<sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup> don't completely agree on the taxonomic treatment of this species.<br />
 +
The first two have split both [[Subantarctic Shearwater]] and [[Macaronesian Shearwater]] from this species (the latter split into [[Barolo Shearwater]] and [[Boyd's Shearwater]]). Dickinson however has followed Austin and others and has transferred ''baroli'' and ''boydi'' to [[Audubon's Shearwater]]. ''myrtae'' was also formerly included as subspecies in Little Shearwater but then transferred to [[Newell's Shearwater]] and later accepted as full species [[Rapa Shearwater]].  
 
====Subspecies====
 
====Subspecies====
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Clements currently accept 5 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>
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5 subspecies recongized:<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>
 
*''P. a. tunneyi'':
 
*''P. a. tunneyi'':
 
:*Islands off south-west [[Australia]] (Abrolhos Islands to Récherche Archaepelago)
 
:*Islands off south-west [[Australia]] (Abrolhos Islands to Récherche Archaepelago)
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*''P. a. haurakiensis'':
 
*''P. a. haurakiensis'':
 
:*Islets off north-east coast of North Island ([[New Zealand]])
 
:*Islets off north-east coast of North Island ([[New Zealand]])
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*''P. a. elegans'':
 
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:*[[Tristan da Cunha]], Gough, Chatham and Antipodes islands, but also with sight records around southern [[South America]]
 
  
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Austin and others in 2004 suggested a radical revision of the taxonomy of small shearwaters. If their proposals are followed, Little Shearwater will contain five subspecies: ''assimilis'', ''tunneyi'', ''kermadecensis'', ''haurakiensis'', and ''elegans''. Subspecies ''baroli'' and ''boydi'' would be transferred to [[Audubon's Shearwater]] or treated as one ([[Macaronesian Shearwater]]) or two full species (Barolo and Boyd's Shearwater). In partial acceptance of these data, ''myrtae'' has been transferred to [[Newell's Shearwater]] (currently treated as part of [[Townsend's Shearwater]] in Opus)
 
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
 
Breeds on islands and coastal cliffs, otherwise pelagic.
 
Breeds on islands and coastal cliffs, otherwise pelagic.
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Diet includes fish and molluscs.
 
Diet includes fish and molluscs.
 
==References==
 
==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}}#Wikipedia
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#{{Ref-GillDonskerRasmussen20V10.2}}#{{Ref-HM04}}# [http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1642/0004-8038%282004%29121%5B0847%3AAGMPOT%5D2.0.CO%3B2 Paper ] by Austin et al. (2004) describing phylogeny of small shearwaters
 
#Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
 
#Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
 
# Beaman, M., S. Madge, K.M. Olsen. 1998. Fuglene i Europa, Nordafrika og Mellemøsten. Copenhagen, Denmark: Gads Forlag, ISBN 87-12-02276-4
 
# Beaman, M., S. Madge, K.M. Olsen. 1998. Fuglene i Europa, Nordafrika og Mellemøsten. Copenhagen, Denmark: Gads Forlag, ISBN 87-12-02276-4
 
# Pizzey, G. & Knight, F. 1997. Birds of Australia (Collins Field Guide). HarperCollins Publishers, London. ISBN 0-00-220132-1
 
# Pizzey, G. & Knight, F. 1997. Birds of Australia (Collins Field Guide). HarperCollins Publishers, London. ISBN 0-00-220132-1
 
# Alvaro Jaramillo. 2003. Birds of Chile. Princeton Field Guides. ISBN 0-691-11740-3
 
# Alvaro Jaramillo. 2003. Birds of Chile. Princeton Field Guides. ISBN 0-691-11740-3
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# [http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1642/0004-8038%282004%29121%5B0847%3AAGMPOT%5D2.0.CO%3B2 Paper ] by Austin et al. (2004) describing phylogeny of small shearwaters
 
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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*[http://www.aviceda.org/abid/birdimages.php?action=birdspecies&fid=56&bid=729 View more images of this species on the ABID]
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{{GSearch|Puffinus+assimilis }}
 
{{GSearch|Puffinus+assimilis }}
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[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Missing Images]][[Category:Puffinus]]
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[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Puffinus]]

Latest revision as of 00:29, 24 October 2020


Photo by robhynson
Lord Howe Island, August, 2013
Puffinus assimilis

Identification

25-30cm

  • Very dark upperparts
  • Pale area on upperside of secondaries, more so on worn birds
  • White underparts
  • Underwing very white with thinner black trailing edge than similar species
  • Wings shorter and rounder than similar species; does not reach tip of tail on resting bird

Photo by robhynson
Lord Howe Island, August, 2013
  • Body relatively longer than similar species
  • White cheeks extend up to sides of crown encircling dark eye (this is true for forms from Australia, but for example not for elegans that have black sides of head)
  • Rounded head
  • Dark peak reaching slightly down into the white underside behind head
  • Slim bill shorter than similar species
  • Legs and feet pale blue
  • In flight on a calm day may remind of a smaller Alcid.

Similar Species

Manx Shearwater, Audubon's Shearwater, Macaronesian Shearwater, and Townsend's Shearwater.

Distribution

Oceanic wanderers with breeding centres in the Southern Oceans around Australia and New Zealand.

Taxonomy

Clements[1], Gill and Donsker[2] and Dickinson[3] don't completely agree on the taxonomic treatment of this species.
The first two have split both Subantarctic Shearwater and Macaronesian Shearwater from this species (the latter split into Barolo Shearwater and Boyd's Shearwater). Dickinson however has followed Austin and others and has transferred baroli and boydi to Audubon's Shearwater. myrtae was also formerly included as subspecies in Little Shearwater but then transferred to Newell's Shearwater and later accepted as full species Rapa Shearwater.

Subspecies

5 subspecies recongized:[1]

  • P. a. tunneyi:
  • Islands off south-west Australia (Abrolhos Islands to Récherche Archaepelago)
  • P. a. assimilis:
  • Norfolk and Lord Howe islands
  • P. a. kermadecensis:
  • Kermadec Islands
  • P. a. haurakiensis:
  • Islets off north-east coast of North Island (New Zealand)

Habitat

Breeds on islands and coastal cliffs, otherwise pelagic.

Behaviour

Flight

Often holds head up. Quick wingbeats.

Breeding

Nests are made in burrows, in small colonies.

Diet

Diet includes fish and molluscs.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Gill, F, D Donsker, and P Rasmussen (Eds). 2020. IOC World Bird List (v 10.2). Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.10.2. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/
  3. Dickinson, EC, ed. 2014. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4th ed. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0956861122
  4. Paper by Austin et al. (2004) describing phylogeny of small shearwaters
  5. Collins Bird Guide ISBN 0 00 219728 6
  6. Beaman, M., S. Madge, K.M. Olsen. 1998. Fuglene i Europa, Nordafrika og Mellemøsten. Copenhagen, Denmark: Gads Forlag, ISBN 87-12-02276-4
  7. Pizzey, G. & Knight, F. 1997. Birds of Australia (Collins Field Guide). HarperCollins Publishers, London. ISBN 0-00-220132-1
  8. Alvaro Jaramillo. 2003. Birds of Chile. Princeton Field Guides. ISBN 0-691-11740-3

Recommended Citation

External Links

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