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Difference between revisions of "Swainson's Thrush" - BirdForum Opus

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(References updated)
(→‎External Links: Combined English and scientific names. Removed false positives.)
 
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[[Image:117505-0905swth013.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|jvhigbee|jvhigbee}}<br />Spanaway, [[Washington]], [[USA]], September 2005]]
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[[Image:Swainson'sThrushIMG 5268.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Nominate subspecies<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|jmorlan|Joseph Morlan}}<br />San Bruno Mountain, San Mateo County, [[California]], [[USA]], 8 May 2020]]
 
;[[:Category:Catharus|Catharus]] ustulatus
 
;[[:Category:Catharus|Catharus]] ustulatus
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
−
16-18cm<br />
+
16–20 cm (6¼-7¾ in)
 
*Brown upperparts (olive-brown on Eastern birds, reddish-brown on Western birds)
 
*Brown upperparts (olive-brown on Eastern birds, reddish-brown on Western birds)
 
*White underparts
 
*White underparts
Line 8: Line 8:
 
*Lighter brown breast with darker spots
 
*Lighter brown breast with darker spots
 
*Pink legs
 
*Pink legs
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*Light brown eye ring<br />
+
*Light brown eye ring
 +
[[Image:Swainson s Thrush Wild Sumaco.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''swainsoni''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Stanley+Jones|Stanley Jones}}<br />Wildsumaco Lodge, Napo Province, Ecuador, 26 January 2016]]
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
 
Breeds virtually throughout [[North America]] from [[Alaska]] to [[California]]. Wintering in the [[West Indies]], and [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]] from [[Mexico]] to [[Argentina]].
 
Breeds virtually throughout [[North America]] from [[Alaska]] to [[California]]. Wintering in the [[West Indies]], and [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]] from [[Mexico]] to [[Argentina]].
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
 
====Subspecies====
 
====Subspecies====
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Four subspecies are recognised<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:<br />
+
Six subspecies are recognised<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:<br />
 
'''Russet-backed'''
 
'''Russet-backed'''
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*''C. u. almae'':
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*''C. u. ustulatus:
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:*Southern [[Alaska]] and western [[Canada]]; winters to Gulf Coast of southern [[US]]
 
−
*''C. u. ustulatus'':
 
 
:*Coastal south-eastern [[Alaska]] to southern [[Oregon]]; winters to western [[Mexico]]
 
:*Coastal south-eastern [[Alaska]] to southern [[Oregon]]; winters to western [[Mexico]]
 +
*''C. u. phillipsi'':
 +
:*Breeds on Haida Gwaii, [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]]; winters from Mexico to northern [[Nicaragua]]
 
*''C. u. oedicus'':
 
*''C. u. oedicus'':
−
:*Northern [[Washington]] to southern [[California]]; winters to southern [[Mexico]]
+
:*Breeds in [[California]] (coast ranges east to the west slope of the Sierra Nevada); winters from north-western Mexico south to Nicaragua<br />
−
*''C. u. swainsoni'': ('''Olive-backed'''):
+
'''Olive-backed'''
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:*Eastern [[Canada]] to eastern [[US]]; winters to [[West Indies]] and northern [[Argentina]]
+
*''C. u. incanus'':
 +
:*Breeds in central and eastern Alaska and north-western Canada (south to northern British Columbia and north central Alberta); winters in [[South America]] ([[Colombia]] to [[Peru]])
 +
*''C. u. appalachiensis'':
 +
:*Breeds in the north-eastern [[United States]] ([[New Hampshire]] and central [[New York]] south to [[Virginia]]; winters in South America (Colombia to Peru)
 +
*''C. u. swainsoni'':
 +
:*Breeds from western Canada (British Columbia and Alberta) south to Great Basin region and north central and north-eastern northern United States (north of the range of appalachiensis) and east to eastern Canada; winters from [[Panama]] south to [[Bolivia]] and north-western [[Argentina]]
 +
 
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
−
Coniferous and mixed woodland.
+
Coniferous and mixed woodland. Douglas fir on coasts.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
 
====Diet====
 
====Diet====
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The diet includes insects, fruits and berries.  
+
Their diet consists mostly of invertebrates and fruit.
 
====Breeding====
 
====Breeding====
 
They build a cup nest on a horizontal tree branch.
 
They build a cup nest on a horizontal tree branch.
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug11}}#Wikipedia
+
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}#Mack, D. E. and W. Yong (2020). Swainson's Thrush (''Catharus ustulatus''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.swathr.01
−
#BF Member observations
+
#Wikipedia contributors. (2020, March 12). Swainson's thrush. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:10, May 12, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swainson%27s_thrush&oldid=945174666
 +
#BirdForum member observations
 +
#Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2019. Swainson's Thrush in: All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York. https://www.allaboutbirds.org/ Accessed on  12May 2020.
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
 +
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
−
{{GSearch|Catharus+ustulatus}}
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{{GSearch|"Catharus+ustulatus" {{!}} "Swainson's+Thrush" -"Gray-cheeked" -"Veery" -"Hermit" }}
 +
{{GS-checked}}1
 +
<br />
 +
<br />
  
 
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Catharus]]
 
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Catharus]]

Latest revision as of 04:36, 18 June 2023

Nominate subspecies
Photo © by Joseph Morlan
San Bruno Mountain, San Mateo County, California, USA, 8 May 2020
Catharus ustulatus

Identification

16–20 cm (6¼-7¾ in)

  • Brown upperparts (olive-brown on Eastern birds, reddish-brown on Western birds)
  • White underparts
  • Brown flanks
  • Lighter brown breast with darker spots
  • Pink legs
  • Light brown eye ring
Subspecies swainsoni
Photo © by Stanley Jones
Wildsumaco Lodge, Napo Province, Ecuador, 26 January 2016

Distribution

Breeds virtually throughout North America from Alaska to California. Wintering in the West Indies, and Central and South America from Mexico to Argentina.

Taxonomy

Subspecies

Six subspecies are recognised[1]:
Russet-backed

  • C. u. ustulatus:
  • C. u. phillipsi:
  • C. u. oedicus:
  • Breeds in California (coast ranges east to the west slope of the Sierra Nevada); winters from north-western Mexico south to Nicaragua

Olive-backed

  • C. u. incanus:
  • Breeds in central and eastern Alaska and north-western Canada (south to northern British Columbia and north central Alberta); winters in South America (Colombia to Peru)
  • C. u. appalachiensis:
  • C. u. swainsoni:
  • Breeds from western Canada (British Columbia and Alberta) south to Great Basin region and north central and north-eastern northern United States (north of the range of appalachiensis) and east to eastern Canada; winters from Panama south to Bolivia and north-western Argentina

Habitat

Coniferous and mixed woodland. Douglas fir on coasts.

Behaviour

Diet

Their diet consists mostly of invertebrates and fruit.

Breeding

They build a cup nest on a horizontal tree branch.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Mack, D. E. and W. Yong (2020). Swainson's Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.swathr.01
  3. Wikipedia contributors. (2020, March 12). Swainson's thrush. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 14:10, May 12, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swainson%27s_thrush&oldid=945174666
  4. BirdForum member observations
  5. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2019. Swainson's Thrush in: All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York. https://www.allaboutbirds.org/ Accessed on 12May 2020.

Recommended Citation

External Links

GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

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