(Includes Ethiopian Boubou) |
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;[[:Category:Laniarius|Laniarius]] aethiopicus | ;[[:Category:Laniarius|Laniarius]] aethiopicus | ||
[[Image:Tropical boubou.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|volker+sthamer|volker sthamer}}<br />Sodo Wolaita, Ethiopia, [[Africa]], August, 2008]] | [[Image:Tropical boubou.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|volker+sthamer|volker sthamer}}<br />Sodo Wolaita, Ethiopia, [[Africa]], August, 2008]] | ||
| + | '''Includes Ethiopian Boubou'''<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
23 to 25 cm<br /> | 23 to 25 cm<br /> | ||
| Line 18: | Line 19: | ||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | There are five subspecies: | + | There are five subspecies:<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> |
*''L. a. major'' | *''L. a. major'' | ||
:*[[Sierra Leone]] to southern [[Sudan]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]] and [[Malawi]] | :*[[Sierra Leone]] to southern [[Sudan]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]] and [[Malawi]] | ||
*''L. a. aethiopicus'' | *''L. a. aethiopicus'' | ||
:*Extreme eastern [[Sudan]] to [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Somalia]] and northern [[Kenya]] | :*Extreme eastern [[Sudan]] to [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Somalia]] and northern [[Kenya]] | ||
| + | :*Split by Gill and Donsker (2010)<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> as '''Ethiopian Boubou''' | ||
*''L. a. ambiguus'' | *''L. a. ambiguus'' | ||
:*[[Kenya]] and north-eastern [[Tanzania]] | :*[[Kenya]] and north-eastern [[Tanzania]] | ||
| Line 31: | Line 33: | ||
| − | Molecular sequence data indicate that [[Somali Boubou]] and [[Zanzibar Boubou]] are separate species.<sup>[[#References| | + | Molecular sequence data indicate that [[Somali Boubou]] and [[Zanzibar Boubou]] are separate species.<sup>[[#References|3]]</sup> Furthermore '''Bulo Burti Boubou''' has been shown to be synonymous with [[Somali Boubou]]. |
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| Line 41: | Line 43: | ||
Both sexes build the cup shaped nest of twigs, tendrils, and small roots held together with spider web, but the female does more of the work. The clutch consists of 2-3 bluish to buffy green eggs with brown and lilac spots. They are incubated by both adults for about 15 days. Nestlings fledge after a similar period. Both sexes feed the young. | Both sexes build the cup shaped nest of twigs, tendrils, and small roots held together with spider web, but the female does more of the work. The clutch consists of 2-3 bluish to buffy green eggs with brown and lilac spots. They are incubated by both adults for about 15 days. Nestlings fledge after a similar period. Both sexes feed the young. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | # Nguembock B, Fjeldså J, Couloux A & Pasquet E. 2008. Phylogeny of ''Laniarius'': molecular data reveal ''L. liberatus'' synonymous with ''L. erlangeri'' and "plumage coloration" as unreliable morphological characters for defining species and species groups. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 48, 396-407. | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thDec10}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker10}}# Nguembock B, Fjeldså J, Couloux A & Pasquet E. 2008. Phylogeny of ''Laniarius'': molecular data reveal ''L. liberatus'' synonymous with ''L. erlangeri'' and "plumage coloration" as unreliable morphological characters for defining species and species groups. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' 48, 396-407. |
#Wikipedia | #Wikipedia | ||
#BF Member observations | #BF Member observations | ||
Revision as of 12:35, 26 January 2011
- Laniarius aethiopicus
Includes Ethiopian Boubou[2]
Identification
23 to 25 cm
- Glossy blue-black upperparts and tail
- White spots on the rump
- White underparts with buffy or pink tinge on the breast and flanks
- Black bill
- Dark reddish-brown eyes
- The wings have white markings that vary, depending on subspecies
- There is an all-black morph in a small area of coastal Kenya
Juveniles: similar but duller
- Grey-brown bill
- Upperparts mottled by yellowish-ochre to tawny feather tips
- Dusky-barred flanks
Distribution
Sub-Saharan Africa, as far south as 25ºS.
Taxonomy
There are five subspecies:[1]
- L. a. major
- Sierra Leone to southern Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania and Malawi
- L. a. aethiopicus
- L. a. ambiguus
- L. a. limpopoensis
- Eastern Botswana, southern Zimbabwe, northern South Africa, and adjacent extreme western Mozambique
- L. a. mossambicus
- North-eastern Botswana to southern Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique
Molecular sequence data indicate that Somali Boubou and Zanzibar Boubou are separate species.3 Furthermore Bulo Burti Boubou has been shown to be synonymous with Somali Boubou.
Habitat
Forest and forest-edge, savanna woodland. In the drier parts of its range, the only suitable habitat is riparian forest. Also found in gardens and thickets.
Behaviour
Diet
The diet includes large insects, arthropods, small mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. It robs nests for the eggs and occasionally eats snails and fruit. They hold large prey down with the foot whilst eating. Like other bush-shrikes, it impales prey on thorns to eat later.
Breeding
Both sexes build the cup shaped nest of twigs, tendrils, and small roots held together with spider web, but the female does more of the work. The clutch consists of 2-3 bluish to buffy green eggs with brown and lilac spots. They are incubated by both adults for about 15 days. Nestlings fledge after a similar period. Both sexes feed the young.
References
- Clements, JF. 2010. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2010. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/Clements%206.5.xls/view
- Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2010. IOC World Bird Names (version 2.7). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
- Nguembock B, Fjeldså J, Couloux A & Pasquet E. 2008. Phylogeny of Laniarius: molecular data reveal L. liberatus synonymous with L. erlangeri and "plumage coloration" as unreliable morphological characters for defining species and species groups. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48, 396-407.
- Wikipedia
- BF Member observations
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Tropical Boubou. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 4 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Tropical_Boubou
