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ZEISS DTI thermal imaging cameras. For more discoveries at night, and during the day.

4/26/09 - Powerline Road, Kipuka Ahiu (1 Viewer)

The forecast predicted dry skies for the first time in weeks, and I hoped to get up early and explore a new area on Powerline Road. When I woke up at 4:55AM I thought "super, I'll be there at dawn!" I rolled over...and it was 6:25AM. "Oh FSCK!"

It was indeed clear on the Saddle, though heavy vog was starting to drift in from the South. The breezy shifting winds and swirling cloudlets overhead reassured me that nothing convective would be happening today. The vog was quite sulfur-tastic and nucleated an early cycle of haze, overcast and fog. No rain, though. I was able to explore until sunset...and beyond!

My late (8:30AM) arrival squashed my hopes of exploring a new kipuka, and I settled in to the usual routine of counting birds along Powerline Road. My initial observations were a bit odd. There was a yellow-fronted canary in the parking area, and a red-billed leiothrix in an 'ohi'a tree on the lava field. What does it mean?! Once I reached the first kipuka everything was the recent version of normal. 'Apapane are still at low levels and Japanese white-eye are nearly absent. I'iwi were a little down today. 'Akepa and Hawai'i creeper were still abundant (i.e. the same 2-3 of each with me all day) in kipuka ahiu. At the end of the day there was one last surprise when after dark I flushed a pair of kolea off of Powerline Road, where they had come down to roost for the night. Ooops, sorry!

When I reached kipuka ahiu at noon it was already starting to get fairly dark and ominous. I decided against getting too farm from the road in case the weather turned bad, and set myself to searching for more rare cyanea. I explored yet another part of kipuka ahiu that I had foolishly discounted and neglected in the past. Despite pig and sheep damage this part of the kipuka was surprisingly lush. Creepers were creeping in the tops of the 'ohi'a above me, and tweedly 'akepas came and went. I found plenty of interesting plants, including a nicely flowering stenogyne sessilis, which I've been hoping to find. I searched the wettest and most rugged part of the kipuka in a zig-zag pattern, marking waypoints as I went. I heard pigs a couple of times, but they moved on ahead of me.

Late in the day as I was starting to flag when a familiar and distincitive shape in the foliage caught my attention. It wasn't quite what I was looking for, and certainly wasn't at all what I expected. I had stumbled upon the largest koli'i I've ever seen! They're usually residents of wet forests, including windward Mauna Loa and the boggy summit of Kohala. I never expected to see one on the Saddle, even though the Saddle is specifically mentioned as a location for the species in The Manual. This one is over ten feet tall, though at some point it had fallen over and took a 75 degree turn to get itself growing upward again. It's one impressive plant, and must be at least 10 years old.

Koli'i flower once (October) before dying, and it seems that this massive plant can't be more than a year or two away from flowering. Given the height of this koli'i, and the large number of i'iwi in this kipuka, it will be interesting to see if the i'iwi visit its flowers. I've seen the i'iwi in this kipuka come down to sample 'akala, but this koli'i is a plant none of them have ever seen before. Its flowers are designed for the curved beaks of i'iwi and mamo.

'Akepa:
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King Koli'i
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Juvenile I'iwi:
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hi bkrownd

Gosh. you have been caught in the rain so to speak. Hope that your weather has improved now for the better.

Great report once more and also some 'fabulous' pictures to accompany what you have had to say.

Love the last picture of the bird - what an amazing beak he has. Very curved for the size of the bird in question. What does he eat?

Regards
Kathy
 
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I'iwi are nectar and insect feeders. Once upon a time i'iwi were very low on the pecking order of native birds, and presumably concentrated on understory plant species like lobelioids (such as the plant in the photos). Lobelioid flowers (and various other plant families too) have tubular corollas, which the beaks of i'iwi and mamo match the curve and function of the flower.

Two things happened that changed that. First, cattle, deer, sheep and other ungulates and feral livestock were brought into Hawai'i and let loose, which destroyed the forest understory. The lobelioids were the worst hit of all, and as a nectar source they diminished. Soon after the larger and formerly dominant birds such as the mamo, kioea and 'o'o went extinct. The i'iwi moved up in the heirarchy to fill the void at the top of the pecking order, and moved to the tops of the trees and now use the abundant 'ohi'a as their primary nectar source, though they still occasionally visit 'akala, mints and some lobelioids such as the trematolobelia in the photo.

There was a study a number of years ago from present and fossil specimens that suggests the i'iwi beaks have shortened over the last 200 years while all of this change has occurred. When we plant lobelioids in the forest restoration areas we hope to attract the i'iwi to the lobelioids again, to reunite the natural nectar source and the natural pollinator, for the good of both. In some areas the birds will have to be trained to recognize them as a food source again.
 
Hi bkrownd

Thank you for your information about the 'I'iwi' bird.

What an interesting history about the bird. Shows how birds evolve with change and the world is always changing too.

To reintroduce the bird back to a feeding source is something else.

Are any kept in captivity to help reintroduce thme to their original food source?

Regards
Kathy
x
 
It's the plants that are in captivity. Many species were rescued from the edge of extinction, and are almost entirely populated by greenhouse-raised outplants now. These and the more secure species will hopefully restore their own populations within protected management units over the next century. (Whether the i'iwi is still common in the wild by then is hard to say.) As the numbers and distribution of nectar sources increase the birds will find them on their own, and learn to look for more. We occasionally plant species that do well as epiphytes ('oha wai, koli'i) up on tree trunk bundles and in other high places to help.
 
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