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Difference between revisions of "Prothonotary Warbler" - BirdForum Opus

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[[Image:050817prothontarywarbler1aOPUS.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|KC+Foggin|KC Foggin}}<br />Myrtle Beach, [[:Category:South Carolina|SC]], [[USA]], May 2017]]
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[[Image:050817prothontarywarbler1aOPUS.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo &copy; by {{user|KC+Foggin|KC Foggin}}<br />Myrtle Beach, [[:Category:South Carolina|SC]], [[USA]], May 2017]]
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'''Alternative name: Golden Swamp Warbler'''
 
;[[:Category:Protonotaria|Protonotaria]] citrea
 
;[[:Category:Protonotaria|Protonotaria]] citrea
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
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Also known as the "Golden Swamp Warbler". The male is gold and has blue-grey wings, the female appears slightly duller.  13 cm long and weighs 12.5 g. Its back is olive with a blue-grey tail, yellow underparts, a relatively long pointed bill and black legs. The adult male has a bright orange-yellow head; females and immature birds are duller and have a yellow head.
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[[Image:Protonatory Warbler 74 7640.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|STEFFRO1|STEFFRO1}}<br />Collins Creek Landing, Murrells Inlet, [[South Carolina]], 24 April 2020]]
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'
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14 cm (5½ in)<br />
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The call is a ''tsweet, twseet, twseet, twseet''.
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Male
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*Bright orange-yellow head
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<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>
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*Gold overall plumage
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*Bluish-grey wings
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Female: slightly duller
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*Olive upperparts
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*Bluish-grey tail
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*Yellow underparts
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*Long pointed bill
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*Black legs  
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Females and immature birds are duller and have a yellow head.
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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[[Image:Prothonatary Warbler 73 7454.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo by {{user|STEFFRO1|STEFFRO1}}<br />Collins Creek Landing, Murrells Inlet, [[South Carolina]], May 2017]]
 
 
Main breeding range from southwest [[Iowa]] east to [[Ohio]] south to eastern [[Texas]] east to [[Alabama]] and from southern [[New Jersey]] south to northern [[Florida]]. Mostly absent from the Appalachians. Small local populations in [[Pennsylvania]], [[New York]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Connecticut]] and [[Vermont]]. It winters in the [[West Indies]], [[Central America]] and northern [[South America]]. Rare vagrant to California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico.
 
Main breeding range from southwest [[Iowa]] east to [[Ohio]] south to eastern [[Texas]] east to [[Alabama]] and from southern [[New Jersey]] south to northern [[Florida]]. Mostly absent from the Appalachians. Small local populations in [[Pennsylvania]], [[New York]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Connecticut]] and [[Vermont]]. It winters in the [[West Indies]], [[Central America]] and northern [[South America]]. Rare vagrant to California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico.
  
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
 +
[[Image:Prothonatary Warbler 73 7454.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Photo &copy; by {{user|STEFFRO1|STEFFRO1}}<br />Collins Creek Landing, Murrells Inlet, [[South Carolina]], May 2017]]
 
This is a [[Dictionary_M-S#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>.
 
This is a [[Dictionary_M-S#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>.
  
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
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Wooded swamps and other wet deciduous habitats. The preferred foraging habitat is dense, woody streams.<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>
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Seasonally flooded hardwood forests and swamps, along creeks and rivers.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
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This bird forages in low foliage for snails and insects. It makes its nest in a cavity, sometimes using old holes from the [[Downy Woodpecker]]. The male makes several incomplete nests while the female makes the nest which is to be used.
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====Diet====
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Their main diet consists of insects such as butterflies, moths, flies, spiders and beetles; with the addition of molluscs such as snails. Outwith the breeding season will also include seeds, fruit and nectar. They forage low to the ground in shrubs and on fallen logs.
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====Breeding====
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They construct their nest near water in tree cavities about 2 m above ground, sometimes using old holes from the [[Downy Woodpecker]].. It is lined with moss. The clutch contains 3-7 glossy white eggs with brownish spots. Incubation takes about 12-14 days, fledging usually after 10 days.
  
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The Prothonotary Warbler forages actively in low foliage, mainly for insects and snails. It breeds in hardwood swamps, nesting in a cavity, sometimes using old Downy Woodpecker holes. The male often builds several incomplete unused nests in his territory; the female builds the real nest.  
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They are sometimes parasitised by the [[Brown-headed Cowbird]] (Molothrus ater), or outcompeted for nest sites by the [[House Wren]] (Troglodytes aedon).
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====Vocalisation====
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'''Call''': ''tsweet, twseet, twseet, twseet''.  
  
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They are sometimes but not often parasitized by the [[Brown-headed Cowbird]] (Molothrus ater), or outcompeted for nest sites by the [[House Wren]] (Troglodytes aedon).
 
−
 
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<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup>
 
 
==References==
 
==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#Wikipedia
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug19}}#Petit, L. J. (2020). Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.prowar.01
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
  
 
<!--EDITORS: Virtually all the text is C&P, replacing original unique to Opus input!-->
 
<!--EDITORS: Virtually all the text is C&P, replacing original unique to Opus input!-->
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<!--EDITORS: ID, Habitat & Behaviour all re-written 25/04/20!-->
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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Search the Gallery using the scientific name:
 
{{GSearch|Protonotaria+citrea}}
 
{{GSearch|Protonotaria+citrea}}
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Search the Gallery using the common name:
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{{GSearch|"Prothonotary Warbler"}}
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{{GS-checked}}
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<br />
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<br />
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[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Protonotaria]]
 
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Protonotaria]]

Latest revision as of 19:54, 11 June 2022

Photo © by KC Foggin
Myrtle Beach, SC, USA, May 2017

Alternative name: Golden Swamp Warbler

Protonotaria citrea

Identification

Female
Photo © by STEFFRO1
Collins Creek Landing, Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, 24 April 2020

14 cm (5½ in)
Male

  • Bright orange-yellow head
  • Gold overall plumage
  • Bluish-grey wings

Female: slightly duller

  • Olive upperparts
  • Bluish-grey tail
  • Yellow underparts
  • Long pointed bill
  • Black legs

Females and immature birds are duller and have a yellow head.

Distribution

Main breeding range from southwest Iowa east to Ohio south to eastern Texas east to Alabama and from southern New Jersey south to northern Florida. Mostly absent from the Appalachians. Small local populations in Pennsylvania, New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Vermont. It winters in the West Indies, Central America and northern South America. Rare vagrant to California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico.

Taxonomy

Photo © by STEFFRO1
Collins Creek Landing, Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, May 2017

This is a monotypic species[1].

Habitat

Seasonally flooded hardwood forests and swamps, along creeks and rivers.

Behaviour

Diet

Their main diet consists of insects such as butterflies, moths, flies, spiders and beetles; with the addition of molluscs such as snails. Outwith the breeding season will also include seeds, fruit and nectar. They forage low to the ground in shrubs and on fallen logs.

Breeding

They construct their nest near water in tree cavities about 2 m above ground, sometimes using old holes from the Downy Woodpecker.. It is lined with moss. The clutch contains 3-7 glossy white eggs with brownish spots. Incubation takes about 12-14 days, fledging usually after 10 days.

They are sometimes parasitised by the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), or outcompeted for nest sites by the House Wren (Troglodytes aedon).

Vocalisation

Call: tsweet, twseet, twseet, twseet.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2019. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2019. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Petit, L. J. (2020). Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.prowar.01

Recommended Citation

External Links

Search the Gallery using the scientific name:

Search the Gallery using the common name:

GSearch checked for 2020 platform.

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