From Opus

Photo by Martin Creasser
Lesvos, Greece, May 2003

Emberiza melanocephala

[edit] Identification

16cm
The males have black heads, brilliant yellow underparts and rich reddish-brown upperparts.

The females are much duller although they often show at least a hint of yellow, especially on the undertail coverts and the head is usually distinctly darker than the throat, creating a hooded effect which mimics the pattern of the male.

Otherwise they look like big, fairly long-bodied buntings with an obvious white eye-ring, rather sandy-brown plumage, a striking pale wing panel and a rich chestnut coloured rump. The lack of white outer-tail feathers also separates them from most other buntings.

Female (left), Juvenile (right)
Photo by Steve G
Lesvos July 2004

[edit] Similar Species

Female and immature birds are very similar to Red-headed Bunting.

[edit] Distribution

Common in the south-east of the Western Palearctic, breeds on the east coast of the Adriatic from Slovenia to southern Greece, also in south Serbia and Macedonia, the Aegean coast of Greece and most islands, European Turkey, Bulgaria and north on the Black Sea coast to the Danube Delta. In Turkey breeds almost throughout (except north coast) and east to northern Iraq and Transcaucasia. Absent from the Caucasus but occurs further north from Crimea and eastern Sea of Azov east to the Caspian. Also breeds on Cyprus and in the Middle East south to northern Israel and west Jordan.

Increasing and now fairly widespread in Italy and records from south-east France have increased in recent years culminating in the first proven breeding there in 2000.

Female
Photo by James Thomas
Kavadarci, Macedonia, July 2009

Migratory, leaving breeding areas late July-August and moving south-eastwards to winter in western India, returning late April-early May.

Frequent vagrant outside usual range and recorded throughout Europe north to Iceland, Scandinavia and Estonia, and west to Spain and North-West Africa. British records (c.166) mostly in May-June, also in July-October, the majority occur in Shetland, others well-scattered throughout Britain. Also recorded in the Channel Islands.

[edit] Taxonomy

This is a monotypic species^[1].

[edit] Habitat

Scrub, open woodland.

[edit] Behaviour

Autumn bird
Photo by draycotebirding
Tresco, Scilly Isles, October 2002

[edit] Diet

The diet includes seeds; also invertebrates in breeding season.

[edit] Vocalisation

[edit] References

1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson. 2012. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to October 2012. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019. Spreadsheet available at http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/downloadable-clements-checklist
2. Wikipedia

• List of references

[edit] External Links