(References updated) |
Aloktewari (talk | contribs) (Image of Immature male) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Alternative name: Eurasian Marsh Harrier''' | '''Alternative name: Eurasian Marsh Harrier''' | ||
| − | [[Image:western_marsh_harrier_alok_2.JPG|thumb|550px|right|Nominate subspecies Male<br />Photo by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />[[Keoladeo National Park]], [[India]], December-2016]] | + | [[Image:western_marsh_harrier_alok_2.JPG|thumb|550px|right|Nominate subspecies : Male<br />Photo by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />[[Keoladeo National Park]], [[India]], December-2016]] |
;[[:Category:Circus|Circus]] aeruginosus | ;[[:Category:Circus|Circus]] aeruginosus | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
[[African Marsh Harrier]] and [[Eastern Marsh Harrier]] are the closest. | [[African Marsh Harrier]] and [[Eastern Marsh Harrier]] are the closest. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | [[Image:western_marsh_harrier_alok.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Nominate subspecies Female<br />Photo by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Gurgaon, Haryana, [[India]], March-2015]] | + | [[Image:western_marsh_harrier_alok.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Nominate subspecies : Female<br />Photo by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Gurgaon, Haryana, [[India]], March-2015]] |
[[Image:Western_Marsh-Harrier.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Nominate subspecies<br />Photo by {{user|stejon|stejon}}<br />Meldorfer Bay, [[Germany]], May 2003]] | [[Image:Western_Marsh-Harrier.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Nominate subspecies<br />Photo by {{user|stejon|stejon}}<br />Meldorfer Bay, [[Germany]], May 2003]] | ||
[[Eurasia]] and north [[Africa]]. Widely distributed in the Western Palearctic region from [[Spain]] and northwest [[Africa]], east across [[Russia]] to Central [[Asia]] and north to Scandinavia. It is extremely patchy across most of this area but there are small breeding populations in most countries of mainland [[Europe]], as well as southern [[Britain]], [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]]. Also breeds in [[Morocco]], northern [[Algeria]] and [[Tunisia]], and parts of [[Turkey]] and [[Iraq]]. Has begun a major expansion in northern [[Europe]] in recent decades after declining through persecution and loss of habitat. However, the species is still under pressure in parts of the Mediterranean, eastern [[Europe]] and the [[Middle East]]. Increasing in [[Britain]] with about 200 pairs present in 2000 from southeast [[England]] north to central [[Scotland]]. | [[Eurasia]] and north [[Africa]]. Widely distributed in the Western Palearctic region from [[Spain]] and northwest [[Africa]], east across [[Russia]] to Central [[Asia]] and north to Scandinavia. It is extremely patchy across most of this area but there are small breeding populations in most countries of mainland [[Europe]], as well as southern [[Britain]], [[Sweden]] and [[Finland]]. Also breeds in [[Morocco]], northern [[Algeria]] and [[Tunisia]], and parts of [[Turkey]] and [[Iraq]]. Has begun a major expansion in northern [[Europe]] in recent decades after declining through persecution and loss of habitat. However, the species is still under pressure in parts of the Mediterranean, eastern [[Europe]] and the [[Middle East]]. Increasing in [[Britain]] with about 200 pairs present in 2000 from southeast [[England]] north to central [[Scotland]]. | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
Breeds in reedbeds or other dense vegetation beside lakes, ponds and rivers or in marshes. Rarely, may nest in cornfields or heather. Hunts over water, reedbeds and adjacent farmland. | Breeds in reedbeds or other dense vegetation beside lakes, ponds and rivers or in marshes. Rarely, may nest in cornfields or heather. Hunts over water, reedbeds and adjacent farmland. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | [[Image:western_marsh_harrier_alok_3.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Nominate subspecies : Immature male<br />Photo by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br />Jamnagar, Coastal Gujarat, [[India]], December-2017]] | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
They prey on marsh birds and mammals. The diet includes birds' eggs, snakes, lizards, frogs, fish and insects. | They prey on marsh birds and mammals. The diet includes birds' eggs, snakes, lizards, frogs, fish and insects. | ||
Revision as of 07:11, 11 January 2018
Alternative name: Eurasian Marsh Harrier
- Circus aeruginosus
Identification
43–54 cm (17-21¼ in)
Male - wings with grey and brown sections and black wingtips, head, tail and underparts are grey, chestnut belly.
Female - mainly brown with a cream crown and cream leading edge to her wings.
Similar Species
African Marsh Harrier and Eastern Marsh Harrier are the closest.
Distribution
Eurasia and north Africa. Widely distributed in the Western Palearctic region from Spain and northwest Africa, east across Russia to Central Asia and north to Scandinavia. It is extremely patchy across most of this area but there are small breeding populations in most countries of mainland Europe, as well as southern Britain, Sweden and Finland. Also breeds in Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia, and parts of Turkey and Iraq. Has begun a major expansion in northern Europe in recent decades after declining through persecution and loss of habitat. However, the species is still under pressure in parts of the Mediterranean, eastern Europe and the Middle East. Increasing in Britain with about 200 pairs present in 2000 from southeast England north to central Scotland.
Northern and eastern populations are migratory and winter in Africa and around the Mediterranean. Birds from Britain, France and Spain, and those from the eastern Mediterranean are resident or dispersive. A broad-front migrant but still appears at migration watchpoints in some numbers, particularly Gibraltar and Borçka. Wintering in central and eastern Europe is rare but does occur at Lake Neusiedl in Austria. Recorded as a vagrant in Iceland and the Faroes, Madeira and on the Azores.
Taxonomy
A number of current species have in the past been seen as subspecies of Western Marsh Harrier: Eastern Marsh Harrier, Swamp Harrier, Reunion Harrier, African Marsh Harrier
Subspecies
There are 2 subspecies[1]:
- C. a. aeruginosus:
- Breeds western and central Palearctic; winters in western and southern Europe, Africa (south to northern South Africa) and southern Asia.
- C. a. harterti:
Habitat
Breeds in reedbeds or other dense vegetation beside lakes, ponds and rivers or in marshes. Rarely, may nest in cornfields or heather. Hunts over water, reedbeds and adjacent farmland.
Behaviour
Photo by Alok Tewari
Jamnagar, Coastal Gujarat, India, December-2017
Diet
They prey on marsh birds and mammals. The diet includes birds' eggs, snakes, lizards, frogs, fish and insects.
Vocalisation
<flashmp3>Circus aeruginosus (song).mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- mlahanas.de Cyprus
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Western Marsh Harrier. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 26 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Western_Marsh_Harrier
External Links
