Born Digital, Born Free? Taxonomic publishing comes of the digital age
http://iczn.org/content/iczn-amendment-electronic-publication
PRESS RELEASE
Embargoed: 7:00 GMT Tuesday 4 September 2012
Born Digital, Born Free? Taxonomic publishing comes of the digital age
International body responsible for animal scientific names passes landmark amendment legitimising electronic publication for the first time
Following four years of highly charged debate, the rules for publication of scientific names of animals have been changed to allow electronic publications to meet the requirements of the stringent International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. In a landmark decision, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) has passed an amendment to its rules that will accept an electronic-only publication as
‘legitimate’ if it meets criteria of archiving and the publication is registered on the ICZN’s official online registry, ZooBank.
“For the past 250 years the simple, consistent system proposed by Linnaeus in his Systema Naturae in 1758 has allowed worldwide communication about animals. Keeping names sensible and stable is a key task for our ability to understand and communicate about the living world. The change in ICZN publication rules is intended to speed the process of publishing biodiversity information, to improve access to this information, and to help reduce the ‘taxonomic impediment’ that hinders our cataloguing of the living world. This really is an important development for the ICZN, and parallels a similar, though less far-reaching, decision in botany. The expectation is that this has modernised and further democratised taxonomy, though some scientists see the move as a risky experiment in unmooring a previously well-anchored system of linking publications, names and taxonomic concepts. Whether electronic archiving stands the test of time, as have paper-based libraries, remains a concern for some scientists.” said Dr Ellinor Michel, Executive Secretary of ICZN.
The decision has not been without controversy because the rules of the ICZN are considered, and intended, to be among the most rigorous for scientific publication. The task of keeping correct information on animal names is immense and critical, as almost all information on the living world is linked through names. Animals comprise the vast majority of the world’s recognised living species and currently stands at around 1.9 million, growing at a rate of about 20,000/year. For each of these groups there are as many as 2–10 legitimately published names due to past debate and poor information exchange. Estimates of the total of living animal biodiversity are 4–20 times this number (8–50 million species), with fossils adding many more. When the task of cataloguing biodiversity approaches completion, this vast amount of information will be linked through names.
The new decision means that the difficulty in naming some species such as the case of Darwinius masillae can be avoided. In 2009 a fossil discovery was announced that was supposed to profoundly change our views on human evolution. The 47 million year old fossil nicknamed ‘Ida’, was published in the electronic journal PLoS One. The publishers had an 11th hour realisation that this publication would not be legitimate under ICZN rules. The name could even have been scooped by an unscrupulous author. A ‘special paper copy’ of the journal had to be published, which would not be needed under the new rules.
“ZooBank is a major step towards completing the Linnaean enterprise, which is essential for mapping Earth's still poorly known fauna. With the firm foundation of an authority on scientific names, the rest of biology will be immensely strengthened, and humanity correspondingly benefited" commented Professor Edward O. Wilson, a leading authority on biodiversity.
Georgina Mace OBE and Professor of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Univ. College London said "This is a hugely significant step for animal conservation. With ZooBank in place we will all have access to a single reference list of animal names, and so discussions about priority species and habitats can proceed with greater clarity and speed."
The ICZN ruling is explicit that while the publication can exist in an electronic-only format, it must still be published through a recognised scientific journal. Purely web options such as blog posts, forums, Wikimedia, Wikipedia, Scratchpads and other potentially ephemeral, unarchived web-only sources still do not qualify as legitimate publications under the new ICZN rules.
“The new rules will open the door to electronic publication and facilitate a truly web-based taxonomy. The next few years will be interesting times for scientific publishing as the debate resolves between expediency and durability.” said Dr Michel.
Notes to editors
The official amendment and brief discussion are available from:
Zootaxa :
http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/list/2012/3450.html
Zookeys:
http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/3944/
I think the issue is that a lot of his "papers" only exist as webpages. My understanding is that does not count as a valid publication unless it has been indexed in hardcopy form somewhere. Otherwise, anyone in this thread could create a webpage and start producing names. Granted this is less a problem in birds, where very few critters DON'T have some name, but would be a problem with fossils,inverts, etc.