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| − | [[Image:Black-crowned_Tchagra.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}}<br />Brufut Community Woodland, Western Division, [[The Gambia]], March 2005]] | + | [[Image:Black-crowned_Tchagra.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Nominate subspecies<br />Photo © by {{user|Steve+G|Steve G}}<br />Brufut Community Woodland, Western Division, [[The Gambia]], March 2005]] |
;[[:Category:Tchagra|Tchagra]] senegalus | ;[[:Category:Tchagra|Tchagra]] senegalus | ||
''Tchagra senegala'' | ''Tchagra senegala'' | ||
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | + | [[Image:STH 7961.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''armenus''<br />Photo © by {{user|volker+sthamer|volker sthamer}}<br />Buhoma, [[Uganda]], July 2018]] | |
| + | 19·5–23 cm (7¾-9 in)<br /> | ||
They have a mean-looking hooked beak, typical of the Bushshrikes and the same furtive habits. <br /> | They have a mean-looking hooked beak, typical of the Bushshrikes and the same furtive habits. <br /> | ||
'''Adult''' | '''Adult''' | ||
*Black crown and eye stripe | *Black crown and eye stripe | ||
| − | *Broad white supercilium | + | *Broad white [[Topography#Heads|supercilium]] |
*Pale grey underparts | *Pale grey underparts | ||
*Light brown upperparts | *Light brown upperparts | ||
| Line 14: | Line 15: | ||
*Black bill<br /> | *Black bill<br /> | ||
Sexes are similar<br /> | Sexes are similar<br /> | ||
| − | |||
'''Young birds''' have a brown cap and a pale yellow bill. | '''Young birds''' have a brown cap and a pale yellow bill. | ||
| − | + | ====Variations==== | |
Size, colour of the back, underparts, eyestripe vary according to the subspecies. | Size, colour of the back, underparts, eyestripe vary according to the subspecies. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
'''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegal]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]] [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]] [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Congo]], [[Angola]]<br /> | '''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegal]], [[The Gambia]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Guinea]], [[Mali]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Togo]], [[Benin]] [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]] [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], [[Congo]], [[Angola]]<br /> | ||
'''Eastern Africa''': [[Sudan]], [[South Sudan]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]] [[Djibouti]], [[Somalia]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]] [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]<br /> | '''Eastern Africa''': [[Sudan]], [[South Sudan]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]] [[Djibouti]], [[Somalia]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]] [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Tanzania]], [[Zambia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Malawi]]<br /> | ||
| − | '''Southern Africa''': [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], Western Cape, Eastern Cape, [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[ | + | '''Southern Africa''': [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[South Africa]], Western Cape, Eastern Cape, [[KwaZulu-Natal]], [[eSwatini]]<br /> |
'''Middle East''': [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Saudi Arabia]] [[Yemen]], [[Oman]] | '''Middle East''': [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Saudi Arabia]] [[Yemen]], [[Oman]] | ||
| + | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | ====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> | + | ====Subspecies==== |
| − | + | There are 10 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: which vary in size and the colour of the back, underparts and eyestripe. | |
*''T. s. cucullatus'': Coastal [[Morocco]] to [[Algeria]] and [[Tunisia]] | *''T. s. cucullatus'': Coastal [[Morocco]] to [[Algeria]] and [[Tunisia]] | ||
*''T. s. percivali'': Southern [[Arabian Peninsula]] | *''T. s. percivali'': Southern [[Arabian Peninsula]] | ||
| Line 40: | Line 41: | ||
*''T. s. kalahari'': Southern [[Angola]], northern [[Namibia]], south-western [[Zambia]], north-western [[Zimbabwe]] to northern [[South Africa]] | *''T. s. kalahari'': Southern [[Angola]], northern [[Namibia]], south-western [[Zambia]], north-western [[Zimbabwe]] to northern [[South Africa]] | ||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | + | They are to be found in a wide variety of grassland with bushes. Bushy farm tracks, thickets in wetland areas and dry country. Light savannah woodland. | |
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
| − | + | Their diet consists mostly of insects, such as grasshoppers, crickets, beetles and their larvae. | |
====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
| − | + | They build a cup shaped nest in a tree or bush. The clutch contains 2-3 heavily marked white eggs. Incubation (mostly by the female) takes 12-15 days; the chicks fledging after a further 15 days. | |
====Vocalisation==== | ====Vocalisation==== | ||
'''Song''': descending whistling, ''Chee-chee chee cheroo cheroo''. | '''Song''': descending whistling, ''Chee-chee chee cheroo cheroo''. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | #{{Ref- | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#Avibase |
| − | |||
#BF Member observations | #BF Member observations | ||
| + | #Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved December 2018) | ||
{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Tchagra | + | {{GSearch|"Tchagra senegalus" {{!}} "Tchagra senegala" {{!}} Brown-crowned Tchagra}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | |||
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Tchagra]] | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Tchagra]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:57, 17 September 2023
Nominate subspecies
Photo © by Steve G
Brufut Community Woodland, Western Division, The Gambia, March 2005
Photo © by Steve G
Brufut Community Woodland, Western Division, The Gambia, March 2005
- Tchagra senegalus
Tchagra senegala
Identification
19·5–23 cm (7¾-9 in)
They have a mean-looking hooked beak, typical of the Bushshrikes and the same furtive habits.
Adult
- Black crown and eye stripe
- Broad white supercilium
- Pale grey underparts
- Light brown upperparts
- Chestnut wings
- Black tail, tipped white
- Black bill
Sexes are similar
Young birds have a brown cap and a pale yellow bill.
Variations
Size, colour of the back, underparts, eyestripe vary according to the subspecies.
Distribution
Africa and the Middle East
Northern Africa: Morocco, Algeria Tunisia, Libya
Western Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin Nigeria, Niger Chad, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Angola
Eastern Africa: Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, Uganda Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi
Southern Africa: Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Western Cape, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, eSwatini
Middle East: Arabian Peninsula, Saudi Arabia Yemen, Oman
Taxonomy
Subspecies
There are 10 subspecies[1]: which vary in size and the colour of the back, underparts and eyestripe.
- T. s. cucullatus: Coastal Morocco to Algeria and Tunisia
- T. s. percivali: Southern Arabian Peninsula
- T. s. remigialis: Central Chad to central Sudan (Darfur, Kordofan and Nile Valley)
- T. s. nothus: Mali to northern Nigeria and Lake Chad
- T. s. senegalus: Senegal and Sierra Leone to Mali, southern Chad, Central African Republic
- T. s. warsangliensis: Northern Somalia (Warsangli)
- T. s. habessinicus: Eastern Sudan and eastern South Sudan to Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northwestern Somalia
- T. s. armenus: Southern Cameroon south to Angola, and east to northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, western South Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, and Tanzania, south to Malawi, northern Mozambique, and northern Zimbabwe
- T. s. orientalis: Southern Somalia to eastern Transvaal, Natal and eastern Cape Province
- T. s. kalahari: Southern Angola, northern Namibia, south-western Zambia, north-western Zimbabwe to northern South Africa
Habitat
They are to be found in a wide variety of grassland with bushes. Bushy farm tracks, thickets in wetland areas and dry country. Light savannah woodland.
Behaviour
Diet
Their diet consists mostly of insects, such as grasshoppers, crickets, beetles and their larvae.
Breeding
They build a cup shaped nest in a tree or bush. The clutch contains 2-3 heavily marked white eggs. Incubation (mostly by the female) takes 12-15 days; the chicks fledging after a further 15 days.
Vocalisation
Song: descending whistling, Chee-chee chee cheroo cheroo.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Avibase
- BF Member observations
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved December 2018)
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Black-crowned Tchagra. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 7 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Black-crowned_Tchagra
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
