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Difference between revisions of "Golden Whistler" - BirdForum Opus

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[[Image:Golden_Whistler.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male ''P. p. pectoralis''<br />Photo by {{user|Mitcon|Mitcon}}<br />Adelaide, [[South Australia]]]]
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'''Alternative name: Australian Golden Whistler'''
−
[[Image:4370Goldfulviventris.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Male ''P. p. fulviventris''<br />Photo by {{user|mehdhalaouate|mehdhalaouate}}<br />Sumba, [[Indonesia]], November 2005]]
+
[[Image:Golden_Whistler.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Male ''P. p. pectoralis''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Mitcon|Mitcon}}<br />Adelaide, [[South Australia]], September 2005]]
 
;[[:Category:Pachycephala|Pachycephala]] pectoralis
 
;[[:Category:Pachycephala|Pachycephala]] pectoralis
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
−
16 - 19cm. A very variable Whistler with many different subspecies which differ greatly in plumage.
+
16 - 19cm (6-7½ in).
−
* [[Australia]]:
+
[[Image:P1990079.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female ''P. p. pectoralis''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Rose+Fletcher|Rose Fletcher}}<br />Nangawooka Flora Reserve, Victor Harbor, [[South Australia]], April 2008 ]]
−
** Black head, nape and band around upper breast
+
* Black head, nape and band around upper breast
−
** White throat
+
* White throat
−
** Yellow nape extending to breast and underparts
+
* Yellow nape extending to breast and underparts
−
** Olive-green back
+
* Olive-green back
−
** Females have brownish-grey upperparts
+
'''Females '''
−
** Similar to [[Black-tailed Whistler]] from northern [[Australia]] but note black tail in latter
+
*Brownish-grey upperparts
−
* [[Indonesia]]
+
*Pale yellow undertail-[[Topography#General Anatomy|coverts]]
−
** Most subspecies with orange-wash on underparts
+
====Variations====
−
** ''Everetti'' with almost black wings
+
''xanthoprocta'' with brownish-grey head, chin, throat and upperparts and only slightly yellow on underparts
−
* Pacific Islands (some variations):
+
====Similar Species====
−
** ''Sanfordi'' with yellow throat and entirely yellow underparts. Female with fine streaking on underparts
+
Similar to [[Black-tailed Whistler]] from northern [[Australia]] but note black tail in latter
−
** ''Christophori'' with dark olive-green head and broad black on breast
+
 
−
** ''Melanoptera'' with yellow throat and narrow black band on breast
 
−
** ''Littayei'' with orang underparts, female orange-yellow too
 
−
** ''Ornata'' with black nape and yellow on wings
 
−
** ''Fuscoflava'' with thick black bill, yellow throat and big head
 
−
** ''Melanonota'' with almost black upperparts, yellow throat, broad black band and blackish half-moon on belly
 
−
** ''Xanthoprocta'' with brownish-grey head, chin, throat and upperparts and only slightly yellow on underparts
 
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
−
[[Indonesia]] and parts of [[Australasia]] (details under Taxonomy).<br />
+
[[Australia]].<br />
−
Common in most of its range. Some subspecies have a very small range.
+
Common in most of its range.
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
−
[[Image:Intacta.JPG|thumb|400px|right|Male ''P. p. intacta''<br />Photo by {{user|Tanager|Tanager}}<br />Loro Protected Area, Espiritu Santo, [[Vanuatu]], January 2006 ]]
+
Has been considered conspecific with some other Whistlers, especially with [[Black-tailed Whistler]], [[Tongan Whistler]], [[New Caledonian Whistler]], [[Vanuatu Whistler]], [[Oriole Whistler]], [[Rusty-breasted Whistler]], [[Black-chinned Whistler]], [[Bismarck Whistler]], [[Western Whistler]], [[Baliem Whistler]] and [[Banda Sea Whistler]].
−
[[Image:Xanthoprocta.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Male ''P. p. xanthoprocta''<br />Photo by {{user|OzV|OzV}}<br />Mount Pitt, [[Norfolk Island]], June 2005 ]]
+
[[Image:Xanthoprocta.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Male ''P. p. xanthoprocta''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|OzV|OzV}}<br />Mount Pitt, [[Norfolk Island]], June 2005 ]]
−
[[Image:P1990079.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Female ''P. p. pectoralis''<br />Photo by {{user|Rose+Fletcher|Rose Fletcher}}<br />Nangawooka Flora Reserve, Victor Harbor, [[South Australia]], April 2008 ]]
+
Norfolk Island Whistler (''P. p. xanthoprocta'') has been proposed as a full species and other subspecies have been included in other species.
 
====Subspecies====
 
====Subspecies====
−
More than 70 subspecies have been described. Clements<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> currently recognizes the following:
+
There are 5 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
−
*''P. p. javana'': Eastern [[Java]] and [[Bali]]
+
*''P. p. pectoralis'':
−
*''P. p. teysmanni'': Salayar Island (Flores Sea)
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:*Eastern [[Australia]] (Cooktown, [[Queensland]] to Hunter River, [[New South Wales]]
−
*''P. p. everetti'': Tanahjampea, Kalaotoa and Madu islands (Flores Sea)
+
[[Image:1421MG 8011bjz.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Immature male (rufous on wings}<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|julien|julien}}<br />Eagle Point, Gippsland Lakes, [[Victoria]], [[Australia]], March 2006]]
−
*''P. p. pelengensis'': Banggai Islands (Peleng and Banggai)
+
*''P. p. youngi'':
−
*''P. p. clio'': Sula Islands (Taliabu, Seho, Mangole and Sanana)
+
:*South Eastern [[Australia]] (central New South Wales to south-western [[Victoria]])   
−
*''P. p. mentalis'': North [[Moluccas]] (Bacan, Halmahera and Morotai)
+
*''P. p. glaucura'':
−
*''P. p. tidorensis'': North Moluccas (Tidore and Ternate)
+
:*[[Tasmania]] and Flinders Island (Bass Strait)
−
*''P. p. obiensis'': South Moluccas (Obi and Bisa)
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*''P. p. contempta'':
−
*''P. p. buruensis'': Buru (south Moluccas)
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:*Lord Howe Island
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*''P. p. macrorhyncha'': South Moluccas (Ambon and Seram)
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*''P. p. xanthoprocta'':
−
*''P. p. fulvotincta'': Eastern [[Lesser Sundas]]
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:*Norfolk Island
−
*''P. p. fulviventris'': Sumba ([[Lesser Sundas]])
+
 
−
*''P. p. calliope'': Eastern [[Lesser Sundas]] (Roti, Timor, Semau and Wetar)
 
−
*''P. p. compar'': Eastern [[Lesser Sundas]] (Leti and Moa)
 
−
*''P. p. par'': Romang (eastern [[Lesser Sundas]])
 
−
*''P. p. dammeriana'': Damar (eastern [[Lesser Sundas]])
 
−
*''P. p. sharpei'': Babar ([[Lesser Sundas]])
 
−
*''P. p. fuscoflava'': Tanimbar Islands (Larat and Yamdena)
 
−
*''P. p. tabarensis'': Tabar I. ([[Papua New Guinea]])
 
−
*''P. p. ottomeyeri'': Lihir Islands ([[Bismarck Archipelago]])
 
−
*''P. p. goodsoni'': Admiralty Islands (Bismarck Archipelago)
 
−
*''P. p. citreogaster'': Bismarck Arch. (New Hanover, New Britain and New Ireland)
 
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*''P. p. sexuvaria'': St. Matthias Islands (Bismarck Archipelago)
 
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*''P. p. fergussonis'': Fergusson I. (D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago)
 
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*''P. p. pectoralis'': Eastern [[Australia]] (Cooktown, [[Queensland]] to Hunter River, [[New South Wales]]
 
−
*''P. p. youngi'': South Eastern [[Australia]] (central New South Wales to south-western [[Victoria]])   
 
−
*''P. p. glaucura'': [[Tasmania]] and Flinders Island (Bass Strait)
 
−
*''P. p. fuliginosa'': South-western [[Western Australia]] to south-eastern [[South Australia]] and western [[Victoria]]
 
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*''P. p. collaris'': Louisiade Archipelago
 
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*''P. p. rosseliana'': Rossel Island (Louisiade Archipelago)
 
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*''P. p. misimae'': Misima I. (Louisiade Archipelago)
 
−
*''P. p. whitneyi'': Shortland Island ([[Solomon Islands]])
 
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*''P. p. bougainvillei'': [[Solomon Islands]] (Buka and Bougainville)
 
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*''P. p. orioloides'': Solomon Islands (Choiseul, Santa Isabel and Florida)
 
−
*''P. p. cinnamomea'': Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal and Beagle)
 
−
*''P. p. sanfordi '': Malaita (Solomon Islands)
 
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*''P. p. pavuvu'': Pavuvu Islands (Solomon Islands)
 
−
*''P. p. centralis'': Eastern [[New Georgia]] Group (Solomon Islands)
 
−
*''P. p. feminina'': Rennell (se Solomon Islands)
 
−
*''P. p. melanoptera'': Southern New Georgia Group (Solomon Islands)
 
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*''P. p. melanonota'': Solomon Islands (Ranongga and Vellalavella)
 
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*''P. p. christophori'': Solomon Islands (Santa Anna and San Cristóbal)
 
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*''P. p. utupuae'': Utupua I. (Solomon Islands)
 
−
*''P. p. littayei'': [[New Caledonia]] and Loyalty Islands (Lifou and Maré)
 
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*''P. p. cucullata'': Aneityum (Vanuatu)
 
−
*''P. p. chlorura'': Erromango (Vanuatu)
 
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*''P. p. intacta'': Vanuatu and Banks Group
 
−
*''P. p. vanikorensis'': Vanikoro and [[Santa Cruz]] Islands
 
−
*''P. p. ornata'': Northern Santa Cruz Islands
 
−
*''P. p. kandavensis'': Kandavu Islands ([[Fiji]])
 
−
*''P. p. lauana'': Southern Lau Archipelago (Fiji)
 
−
*''P. p. vitiensis '': Ngau (Fiji)
 
−
*''P. p. koroana'': Karo (Fiji)
 
−
*''P. p. torquata'': Taveuni (Fiji)
 
−
*''P. p. ambigua'': Fiji (Rambi and Kioa)
 
−
*''P. p. optata'': Fiji (Ovalu and se Viti Levu)
 
−
*''P. p. graeffii'':  Fiji (Wala and Viti Levu)
 
−
*''P. p. aurantiiventris'': Fiji (Yanganga and Vanua Levu)
 
−
*''P. p. bella'': Vanua Lava (Banks Group)
 
−
*''P. p. contempta'': Lord Howe I.
 
−
*''P. p. xanthoprocta'': Norfolk I.
 
−
====Discussion====
 
−
Certainly one of the most complex examples of geographical variation within the birds. Has been considered conspecific with some other Whistlers, especially with [[Black-tailed Whistler]], [[Tongan Whistler]] and [[New Caledonian Whistler]]. <br />
 
−
On the other hand many of the subspecies (or subspecies groups) have been proposed as full species. The following list may not be complet:
 
−
* Balim Whistler (''P. p. balim'')
 
−
* Norfolk Island Whistler (''P. p. xanthoprocta'')
 
−
* Banda Sea Whistler (subspecies in Banda Sea)
 
−
* Bismarck Whistler (subspecies in Bismarck Archipelago and islands of northeast [[New Guinea]])
 
−
* Black-chinned Whistler (subspecies in teh Moluccas)
 
−
* Fiji Whistler (subspecies on [[Fiji]] and Santa Cruz)
 
−
* Fulvous-tinted Whistler (subspecies in Lesser Sundas)
 
−
* Yellow-throated Whistler (subspecies in [[Solomon Islands]])
 
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
 
Very varied in the type of forest and scrub habitat acceptable, from rainforest and mangrove to gardens to dry scrub.
 
Very varied in the type of forest and scrub habitat acceptable, from rainforest and mangrove to gardens to dry scrub.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
−
Feeds mainly on insects and spiders.<br />
+
====Diet====
−
In Australia, breeding season is mainly August to January. The nest is a cup made of twigs, grass, plant stems and other material. It's usually placed around 3m above the ground. Lays 2 - 3 eggs. Brood parasitism by [[Pallid Cuckoo]], [[Fan-tailed Cuckoo]] and [[Brush Cuckoo]] reported.<br />
+
Feeds mainly on insects and spiders.
 +
====Breeding====
 +
Breeding season is mainly August to January. The nest is a cup made of twigs, grass, plant stems and other material. It's usually placed around 3m above the ground. Lays 2 - 3 eggs. Brood parasitism by [[Pallid Cuckoo]], [[Fan-tailed Cuckoo]] and [[Brush Cuckoo]] reported.
 +
====Movements====
 +
[[Image:IMG 6127 LHI golden whistler.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''contempta''<br />Photo &copy; by '''[http://www.birdforum.net/member.php?u=16212 Mat & Cathy]'''<br />Lord Howe Island, December 2007]]
 
Resident species. Some [[Australia]]n populations known to make altitudinal movements.
 
Resident species. Some [[Australia]]n populations known to make altitudinal movements.
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
#{{Ref-Clements6thDec08}}#{{Ref-HBWVol12}}#{{Ref-Simpson98}}
+
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}#{{Ref-HBWVol12}}#{{Ref-Simpson98}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker14V5.1}}
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
−
{{GSearch|Pachycephala+pectoralis}}
+
{{GSearch|"Pachycephala pectoralis" {{!}} "Golden Whistler"}}
 +
<br />
 +
{{VSearch|"Pachycephala pectoralis" {{!}} "Golden Whistler"}}
 +
{{GS-checked}}1
 +
<br />
 +
<br />
  
−
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Pachycephala]]
+
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Pachycephala]] [[Category:Videos]]

Latest revision as of 15:49, 9 June 2023

Alternative name: Australian Golden Whistler

Male P. p. pectoralis
Photo © by Mitcon
Adelaide, South Australia, September 2005
Pachycephala pectoralis

Identification

16 - 19cm (6-7½ in).

Female P. p. pectoralis
Photo © by Rose Fletcher
Nangawooka Flora Reserve, Victor Harbor, South Australia, April 2008
  • Black head, nape and band around upper breast
  • White throat
  • Yellow nape extending to breast and underparts
  • Olive-green back

Females

  • Brownish-grey upperparts
  • Pale yellow undertail-coverts

Variations

xanthoprocta with brownish-grey head, chin, throat and upperparts and only slightly yellow on underparts

Similar Species

Similar to Black-tailed Whistler from northern Australia but note black tail in latter

Distribution

Australia.
Common in most of its range.

Taxonomy

Has been considered conspecific with some other Whistlers, especially with Black-tailed Whistler, Tongan Whistler, New Caledonian Whistler, Vanuatu Whistler, Oriole Whistler, Rusty-breasted Whistler, Black-chinned Whistler, Bismarck Whistler, Western Whistler, Baliem Whistler and Banda Sea Whistler.

Male P. p. xanthoprocta
Photo © by OzV
Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island, June 2005

Norfolk Island Whistler (P. p. xanthoprocta) has been proposed as a full species and other subspecies have been included in other species.

Subspecies

There are 5 subspecies[1]:

  • P. p. pectoralis:
Immature male (rufous on wings}
Photo © by julien
Eagle Point, Gippsland Lakes, Victoria, Australia, March 2006
  • P. p. youngi:
  • P. p. glaucura:
  • Tasmania and Flinders Island (Bass Strait)
  • P. p. contempta:
  • Lord Howe Island
  • P. p. xanthoprocta:
  • Norfolk Island

Habitat

Very varied in the type of forest and scrub habitat acceptable, from rainforest and mangrove to gardens to dry scrub.

Behaviour

Diet

Feeds mainly on insects and spiders.

Breeding

Breeding season is mainly August to January. The nest is a cup made of twigs, grass, plant stems and other material. It's usually placed around 3m above the ground. Lays 2 - 3 eggs. Brood parasitism by Pallid Cuckoo, Fan-tailed Cuckoo and Brush Cuckoo reported.

Movements

Subspecies contempta
Photo © by Mat & Cathy
Lord Howe Island, December 2007

Resident species. Some Australian populations known to make altitudinal movements.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, and D Christie, eds. 2007. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553422
  3. Simpson, K and N Day. 1998. Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-4877-5
  4. Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2015. IOC World Bird Names (version 5.1). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.

Recommended Citation

External Links


GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

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