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Difference between revisions of "Golden Whistler" - BirdForum Opus

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'''Alternative name: Australian Golden Whistler'''
 
'''Alternative name: Australian Golden Whistler'''
−
[[Image:Golden_Whistler.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male ''P. p. pectoralis''<br />Photo by {{user|Mitcon|Mitcon}}<br />Adelaide, [[South Australia]]]]
+
[[Image:Golden_Whistler.jpg|thumb|500px|right|Male ''P. p. pectoralis''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Mitcon|Mitcon}}<br />Adelaide, [[South Australia]], September 2005]]
 
;[[:Category:Pachycephala|Pachycephala]] pectoralis
 
;[[:Category:Pachycephala|Pachycephala]] pectoralis
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
−
16 - 19cm. A very variable Whistler with many different subspecies which differ greatly in plumage.
+
16 - 19cm (6-7½ in).
−
* [[Australia]]:
+
[[Image:P1990079.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female ''P. p. pectoralis''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Rose+Fletcher|Rose Fletcher}}<br />Nangawooka Flora Reserve, Victor Harbor, [[South Australia]], April 2008 ]]
−
[[Image:P1990079.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Female ''P. p. pectoralis''<br />Photo by {{user|Rose+Fletcher|Rose Fletcher}}<br />Nangawooka Flora Reserve, Victor Harbor, [[South Australia]], April 2008 ]]
+
* Black head, nape and band around upper breast
−
** Black head, nape and band around upper breast
+
* White throat
−
** White throat
+
* Yellow nape extending to breast and underparts
−
** Yellow nape extending to breast and underparts
+
* Olive-green back
−
** Olive-green back
+
'''Females '''
−
** Females have brownish-grey upperparts
+
*Brownish-grey upperparts
−
** Similar to [[Black-tailed Whistler]] from northern [[Australia]] but note black tail in latter
+
*Pale yellow undertail-[[Topography#General Anatomy|coverts]]
−
* [[Indonesia]]
+
====Variations====
−
** Most subspecies with orange-wash on underparts
+
''xanthoprocta'' with brownish-grey head, chin, throat and upperparts and only slightly yellow on underparts
−
** ''Everetti'' with almost black wings
+
====Similar Species====
−
* Pacific Islands (only some variations):
+
Similar to [[Black-tailed Whistler]] from northern [[Australia]] but note black tail in latter
−
** ''Sanfordi'' with yellow throat and entirely yellow underparts. Female with fine streaking on underparts
 
−
** ''Christophori'' with dark olive-green head and broad black on breast
 
−
** ''Melanoptera'' with yellow throat and narrow black band on breast
 
−
** ''Littayei'' with orange underparts, female orange-yellow too
 
−
** ''Ornata'' with black nape and yellow on wings
 
−
[[Image:Xanthoprocta.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Male ''P. p. xanthoprocta''<br />Photo by {{user|OzV|OzV}}<br />Mount Pitt, [[Norfolk Island]], June 2005 ]]
 
−
** ''Fuscoflava'' with thick black bill, yellow throat and big head
 
−
** ''Melanonota'' with almost black upperparts, yellow throat, broad black band and blackish half-moon on belly
 
−
** ''Xanthoprocta'' with brownish-grey head, chin, throat and upperparts and only slightly yellow on underparts
 
  
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
−
[[Indonesia]] and parts of [[Australasia]] (details under Taxonomy).<br />
+
[[Australia]].<br />
−
Common in most of its range. Some subspecies have a very small range.
+
Common in most of its range.
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
−
 
+
Has been considered conspecific with some other Whistlers, especially with [[Black-tailed Whistler]], [[Tongan Whistler]], [[New Caledonian Whistler]], [[Vanuatu Whistler]], [[Oriole Whistler]], [[Rusty-breasted Whistler]], [[Black-chinned Whistler]], [[Bismarck Whistler]], [[Western Whistler]], [[Baliem Whistler]] and [[Banda Sea Whistler]].
 +
[[Image:Xanthoprocta.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Male ''P. p. xanthoprocta''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|OzV|OzV}}<br />Mount Pitt, [[Norfolk Island]], June 2005 ]]
 +
Norfolk Island Whistler (''P. p. xanthoprocta'') has been proposed as a full species and other subspecies have been included in other species.
 
====Subspecies====
 
====Subspecies====
−
[[Image:1421MG 8011bjz.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Immature male (rufous on wings}<br />Photo by {{user|julien|julien}}<br />Eagle Point, Gippsland Lakes, [[Victoria]], [[Australia]], March 2006]]
+
There are 5 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
−
*''P. p. obiensis'': South Moluccas (Obi and Bisa)
+
*''P. p. pectoralis'':
−
*''P. p. fergussonis'': Fergusson I. (D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago)
+
:*Eastern [[Australia]] (Cooktown, [[Queensland]] to Hunter River, [[New South Wales]]
−
*''P. p. pectoralis'': Eastern [[Australia]] (Cooktown, [[Queensland]] to Hunter River, [[New South Wales]]
+
[[Image:1421MG 8011bjz.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Immature male (rufous on wings}<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|julien|julien}}<br />Eagle Point, Gippsland Lakes, [[Victoria]], [[Australia]], March 2006]]
−
*''P. p. youngi'': South Eastern [[Australia]] (central New South Wales to south-western [[Victoria]])   
+
*''P. p. youngi'':
−
*''P. p. glaucura'': [[Tasmania]] and Flinders Island (Bass Strait)
+
:*South Eastern [[Australia]] (central New South Wales to south-western [[Victoria]])   
−
*''P. p. fuliginosa'': South-western [[Western Australia]] to south-eastern [[South Australia]] and western [[Victoria]]
+
*''P. p. glaucura'':
−
*''P. p. contempta'': Lord Howe I.
+
:*[[Tasmania]] and Flinders Island (Bass Strait)
−
*''P. p. xanthoprocta'': Norfolk I.
+
*''P. p. contempta'':
−
====Discussion====
+
:*Lord Howe Island
−
A complex example of geographical variation. Has been considered conspecific with some other Whistlers, especially with [[Black-tailed Whistler]], [[Tongan Whistler]], [[New Caledonian Whistler]], [[White-throated Whistler]], [[Oriole Whistler]], [[Fulvous-tinted Whistler]], [[Black-chinned Whistler]], [[Bismarck Whistler]] and [[Banda Sea Whistler]]. <br />
+
*''P. p. xanthoprocta'':
−
Norfolk Island Whistler (''P. p. xanthoprocta'') has been proposed as a full species and other subspecies have been included in other species.
+
:*Norfolk Island
  
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
 
Very varied in the type of forest and scrub habitat acceptable, from rainforest and mangrove to gardens to dry scrub.
 
Very varied in the type of forest and scrub habitat acceptable, from rainforest and mangrove to gardens to dry scrub.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
−
Feeds mainly on insects and spiders.<br />
+
====Diet====
−
In Australia, breeding season is mainly August to January. The nest is a cup made of twigs, grass, plant stems and other material. It's usually placed around 3m above the ground. Lays 2 - 3 eggs. Brood parasitism by [[Pallid Cuckoo]], [[Fan-tailed Cuckoo]] and [[Brush Cuckoo]] reported.<br />
+
Feeds mainly on insects and spiders.
 +
====Breeding====
 +
Breeding season is mainly August to January. The nest is a cup made of twigs, grass, plant stems and other material. It's usually placed around 3m above the ground. Lays 2 - 3 eggs. Brood parasitism by [[Pallid Cuckoo]], [[Fan-tailed Cuckoo]] and [[Brush Cuckoo]] reported.
 +
====Movements====
 +
[[Image:IMG 6127 LHI golden whistler.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''contempta''<br />Photo &copy; by '''[http://www.birdforum.net/member.php?u=16212 Mat & Cathy]'''<br />Lord Howe Island, December 2007]]
 
Resident species. Some [[Australia]]n populations known to make altitudinal movements.
 
Resident species. Some [[Australia]]n populations known to make altitudinal movements.
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
#{{Ref-Clements6thDec08}}#{{Ref-HBWVol12}}#{{Ref-Simpson98}}
+
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}#{{Ref-HBWVol12}}#{{Ref-Simpson98}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker14V5.1}}
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
−
{{GSearch|Pachycephala+pectoralis}}
+
{{GSearch|"Pachycephala pectoralis" {{!}} "Golden Whistler"}}
 +
<br />
 +
{{VSearch|"Pachycephala pectoralis" {{!}} "Golden Whistler"}}
 +
{{GS-checked}}1
 +
<br />
 +
<br />
  
−
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Pachycephala]]
+
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Pachycephala]] [[Category:Videos]]

Latest revision as of 15:49, 9 June 2023

Alternative name: Australian Golden Whistler

Male P. p. pectoralis
Photo © by Mitcon
Adelaide, South Australia, September 2005
Pachycephala pectoralis

Identification

16 - 19cm (6-7½ in).

Female P. p. pectoralis
Photo © by Rose Fletcher
Nangawooka Flora Reserve, Victor Harbor, South Australia, April 2008
  • Black head, nape and band around upper breast
  • White throat
  • Yellow nape extending to breast and underparts
  • Olive-green back

Females

  • Brownish-grey upperparts
  • Pale yellow undertail-coverts

Variations

xanthoprocta with brownish-grey head, chin, throat and upperparts and only slightly yellow on underparts

Similar Species

Similar to Black-tailed Whistler from northern Australia but note black tail in latter

Distribution

Australia.
Common in most of its range.

Taxonomy

Has been considered conspecific with some other Whistlers, especially with Black-tailed Whistler, Tongan Whistler, New Caledonian Whistler, Vanuatu Whistler, Oriole Whistler, Rusty-breasted Whistler, Black-chinned Whistler, Bismarck Whistler, Western Whistler, Baliem Whistler and Banda Sea Whistler.

Male P. p. xanthoprocta
Photo © by OzV
Mount Pitt, Norfolk Island, June 2005

Norfolk Island Whistler (P. p. xanthoprocta) has been proposed as a full species and other subspecies have been included in other species.

Subspecies

There are 5 subspecies[1]:

  • P. p. pectoralis:
Immature male (rufous on wings}
Photo © by julien
Eagle Point, Gippsland Lakes, Victoria, Australia, March 2006
  • P. p. youngi:
  • P. p. glaucura:
  • Tasmania and Flinders Island (Bass Strait)
  • P. p. contempta:
  • Lord Howe Island
  • P. p. xanthoprocta:
  • Norfolk Island

Habitat

Very varied in the type of forest and scrub habitat acceptable, from rainforest and mangrove to gardens to dry scrub.

Behaviour

Diet

Feeds mainly on insects and spiders.

Breeding

Breeding season is mainly August to January. The nest is a cup made of twigs, grass, plant stems and other material. It's usually placed around 3m above the ground. Lays 2 - 3 eggs. Brood parasitism by Pallid Cuckoo, Fan-tailed Cuckoo and Brush Cuckoo reported.

Movements

Subspecies contempta
Photo © by Mat & Cathy
Lord Howe Island, December 2007

Resident species. Some Australian populations known to make altitudinal movements.

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Del Hoyo, J, A Elliott, and D Christie, eds. 2007. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8496553422
  3. Simpson, K and N Day. 1998. Field Guide to the Birds of Australia. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-4877-5
  4. Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2015. IOC World Bird Names (version 5.1). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.

Recommended Citation

External Links


GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

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