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Difference between revisions of "Black-naped Monarch" - BirdForum Opus

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(Picture of female. Attempt to disguise some copied text. Subspecies. References)
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[[Image:Black-naped_Monarch.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Photo by {{user|Romy+Ocon|Romy Ocon}}]]
 
 
'''Alternative name: Black-naped Blue Monarch'''
 
'''Alternative name: Black-naped Blue Monarch'''
 +
[[Image:Black-naped_Monarch.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male<br />Photo by {{user|Romy+Ocon|Romy Ocon}}<br />Mount Makiling, Laguna Province, [[Philippines]], July 2004]]
 
;[[:category:Hypothymis|Hypothymis]] azurea
 
;[[:category:Hypothymis|Hypothymis]] azurea
 
'''Inlcudes Pale-blue Monarch'''
 
'''Inlcudes Pale-blue Monarch'''
−
 
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
−
16 cm.  '''Male''' - pale blue head, chest, back and tail, darker blue wings, thin black band across throat,  whitish lower belly, black nape, black gorget, black crest on crown.   ''' Female''' - duller, lacks black markings, grey-brown back, breast, wings and tail.
+
16 cm<br />
 +
'''Male'''
 +
*Pale blue head, chest, back and tail
 +
*Wings are a darker blue
 +
*Thin black throat band
 +
*Whitish lower belly
 +
*Black nape, gorget and crest<br />
 +
[[Image:Black-naped Monarch44.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Female<br />Photo by {{user|kctsang|kctsang}}<br />Sepilok, Sabah, Eastern [[Malaysia]], May 2007]]
 +
''' Female''': duller
 +
*Lacks black markings
 +
*Grey-brown back, breast, wings and tail
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
−
From [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] east to [[Indochina]], S [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Philippines]].
+
From [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] east to [[Indochina]], southern [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Philippines]].
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
−
Several subspecies, including many island forms. <br />
+
====Subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>====
−
''Puella'' and ''blasii'' from [[Sulawesi]], Banggai and Sula are sometimes split as '''Pale-blue Monarch''', ''Hypothymis puella''.
+
Several subspecies, including many island forms:
 +
*''H. a. styani'': [[India]] and [[Nepal]] to southern [[China]] and [[Indochina]]; winters to Hainan
 +
*''H. a. oberholseri'': [[Taiwan]]
 +
*''H. a. forrestia'': Mergui Archipelago (southern [[Myanmar]])
 +
*''H. a. montana'': Northern and central [[Thailand]]
 +
*''H. a. galerita'': Peninsular [[Thailand]]
 +
*''H. a. prophata'': Southern [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]]
 +
*''H. a. tytleri'': [[Andaman Islands]] and Cocos Islands (Bay of Bengal)
 +
*''H. a. ceylonensis'': [[Sri Lanka]]
 +
*''H. a. idiochroa'': Car Nicobar Island
 +
*''H. a. nicobarica'': [[Nicobar Islands]]
 +
*''H. a. opisthocyanea'': Anambas Islands (South China Sea)
 +
*''H. a. javana'': [[Java]] and [[Bali]]
 +
*''H. a. penidae'': Penida Island ([[Lesser Sundas]])
 +
*''H. a. karimatensis'': Karimata Island (off western [[Borneo]])
 +
*''H. a. gigantoptera'': Natunas Islands (South China Sea)
 +
*''H. a. aeria'': Maratua Islands (off [[Borneo]])
 +
*''H. a. consobrina'': Simeulue Island (off [[Sumatra]])
 +
*''H. a. leucophila'': Mentawi Archipelago (off [[Sumatra]])
 +
*''H. a. richmondi'': Enggano Island ([[Sumatra]])
 +
*''H. a. abbotti'': Babi and Masia islands ([[Malaysia]])
 +
*''H. a. symmixta'': [[Lesser Sundas]]
 +
*''H. a. azurea'': [[Philippines|Philippine Islands]]
 +
*''H. a. catarmanensis'': Southern [[Philippines]] (Camiguin Sur)
 +
 
 +
Two additional subspecies, ''Puella'' and ''blasii'' from [[Sulawesi]], Banggai and Sula are sometimes split as '''Pale-blue Monarch''',<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> or '''Pacific Monarch''',<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup> ''Hypothymis puella''.
 
==Habitat==
 
==Habitat==
−
Thick forests and other well-wooded habitats.
+
Disturbed mixed deciduous forest, forest edge and second growth, with thick undergrowth, at heights up to 1,500m.
 
==Behaviour==
 
==Behaviour==
 
====Breeding====
 
====Breeding====
−
A small cup nest is built from fine grasses and moss, placed in a tree and 3 eggs are laid.
+
A small cup nest is built from fine grasses and moss, placed in a tree. The clutch consists of 3 eggs.
 
====Diet====
 
====Diet====
 
The diet includes insects.
 
The diet includes insects.
 
====Vocalisation====
 
====Vocalisation====
−
Song: ''Hui-hui-hui'' or ''pwee-pwee-pwee''.
+
'''Song''': ''Hui-hui-hui'' or ''pwee-pwee-pwee''.
 +
==References==
 +
#{{Ref-Clements6thDec09}}#Avibase
 +
#Birding in Taiwan
 +
#Wikipedia
 +
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
 
{{GSearch|Hypothymis+azurea}}  
 
{{GSearch|Hypothymis+azurea}}  
 
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Hypothymis]]
 
[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Hypothymis]]

Revision as of 23:34, 8 April 2010

Alternative name: Black-naped Blue Monarch

Male
Photo by Romy Ocon
Mount Makiling, Laguna Province, Philippines, July 2004
Hypothymis azurea

Inlcudes Pale-blue Monarch

Identification

16 cm
Male

  • Pale blue head, chest, back and tail
  • Wings are a darker blue
  • Thin black throat band
  • Whitish lower belly
  • Black nape, gorget and crest
Female
Photo by kctsang
Sepilok, Sabah, Eastern Malaysia, May 2007

Female: duller

  • Lacks black markings
  • Grey-brown back, breast, wings and tail

Distribution

From India and Sri Lanka east to Indochina, southern China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Taxonomy

Subspecies[1]

Several subspecies, including many island forms:

Two additional subspecies, Puella and blasii from Sulawesi, Banggai and Sula are sometimes split as Pale-blue Monarch,[1] or Pacific Monarch,[2] Hypothymis puella.

Habitat

Disturbed mixed deciduous forest, forest edge and second growth, with thick undergrowth, at heights up to 1,500m.

Behaviour

Breeding

A small cup nest is built from fine grasses and moss, placed in a tree. The clutch consists of 3 eggs.

Diet

The diet includes insects.

Vocalisation

Song: Hui-hui-hui or pwee-pwee-pwee.

References

  1. Clements, JF. 2009. The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. 6th ed., with updates to December 2009. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0801445019.
  2. Avibase
  3. Birding in Taiwan
  4. Wikipedia

Recommended Citation

External Links

Retrieved from ‘https://www.birdforum.net/wiki/index.php?title=Black-naped_Monarch&oldid=155014’
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