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*Grey-brown back, breast, wings and tail | *Grey-brown back, breast, wings and tail | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | From [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] east to [[Indochina]], southern [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]] and the [[Philippines]]. | + | From [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]] east to [[Indochina]], southern [[China]], [[Taiwan]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]] (rare and local), [[Indonesia]] and the [[Philippines]]. |
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==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
[[Pale-blue Monarch]] was formerly included in this species. | [[Pale-blue Monarch]] was formerly included in this species. | ||
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*''H. a. montana'': Northern and central [[Thailand]] | *''H. a. montana'': Northern and central [[Thailand]] | ||
*''H. a. galerita'': Peninsular [[Thailand]] | *''H. a. galerita'': Peninsular [[Thailand]] | ||
| − | *''H. a. prophata'': Southern [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]] | + | *''H. a. prophata'': Southern [[Thailand]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Sumatra]] and [[Borneo]] |
*''H. a. tytleri'': [[Andaman Islands]] and Cocos Islands (Bay of Bengal) | *''H. a. tytleri'': [[Andaman Islands]] and Cocos Islands (Bay of Bengal) | ||
*''H. a. ceylonensis'': [[Sri Lanka]] | *''H. a. ceylonensis'': [[Sri Lanka]] | ||
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*''H. a. azurea'': [[Philippines|Philippine Islands]] | *''H. a. azurea'': [[Philippines|Philippine Islands]] | ||
*''H. a. catarmanensis'': Southern [[Philippines]] (Camiguin Sur) | *''H. a. catarmanensis'': Southern [[Philippines]] (Camiguin Sur) | ||
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==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Disturbed mixed deciduous forest, forest edge and second growth, with thick undergrowth, at heights up to 1,500m. | Disturbed mixed deciduous forest, forest edge and second growth, with thick undergrowth, at heights up to 1,500m. | ||
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{{ref}} | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Hypothymis | + | {{GSearch|"Hypothymis azurea" {{!}} "Black-naped Monarch"}} |
| + | {{GS-checked}}1 | ||
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[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Hypothymis]] | [[Category:Birds]][[Category:Hypothymis]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:48, 4 March 2024
Alternative name: Black-naped Blue Monarch
- Hypothymis azurea
Identification
15–17 cm, (6-6¾ in)
Male
- Pale blue head, chest, back and tail
- Wings are a darker blue
- Thin black throat band
- Whitish lower belly
- Black nape, gorget and crest
Female: duller
- Lacks black markings
- Grey-brown back, breast, wings and tail
Distribution
From India and Sri Lanka east to Indochina, southern China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Singapore (rare and local), Indonesia and the Philippines.
Taxonomy
Pale-blue Monarch was formerly included in this species.
Subspecies
Several subspecies, including many island forms[1]:
- H. a. styani: India and Nepal to southern China and Indochina; winters to Hainan
- H. a. oberholseri: Taiwan
- H. a. forrestia: Mergui Archipelago (southern Myanmar)
- H. a. montana: Northern and central Thailand
- H. a. galerita: Peninsular Thailand
- H. a. prophata: Southern Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra and Borneo
- H. a. tytleri: Andaman Islands and Cocos Islands (Bay of Bengal)
- H. a. ceylonensis: Sri Lanka
- H. a. idiochroa: Car Nicobar Island
- H. a. nicobarica: Nicobar Islands
- H. a. opisthocyanea: Anambas Islands (South China Sea)
- H. a. javana: Java and Bali
- H. a. penidae: Penida Island (Lesser Sundas)
- H. a. karimatensis: Karimata Island (off western Borneo)
- H. a. gigantoptera: Natunas Islands (South China Sea)
- H. a. aeria: Maratua Islands (off Borneo)
- H. a. consobrina: Simeulue Island (off Sumatra)
- H. a. leucophila: Mentawi Archipelago (off Sumatra)
- H. a. richmondi: Enggano Island (Sumatra)
- H. a. abbotti: Babi and Masia islands (Malaysia)
- H. a. symmixta: Lesser Sundas
- H. a. azurea: Philippine Islands
- H. a. catarmanensis: Southern Philippines (Camiguin Sur)
Habitat
Disturbed mixed deciduous forest, forest edge and second growth, with thick undergrowth, at heights up to 1,500m.
Behaviour
Breeding
A small cup nest is built from fine grasses and moss, placed in a tree. The clutch consists of 3 eggs.
Diet
The diet includes insects.
Vocalisation
Song: Hui-hui-hui or pwee-pwee-pwee.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2015. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2015, with updates to August 2015. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Avibase
- Birding in Taiwan
- Wikipedia
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Black-naped Monarch. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 3 June 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Black-naped_Monarch
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
