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====Breeding==== | ====Breeding==== | ||
The nest is built of roots, leaves and other vegetative material which is placed near the ground. The eggs are white to light bluey-green, with brown blotches. Incubate takes between 12 and 15 days. | The nest is built of roots, leaves and other vegetative material which is placed near the ground. The eggs are white to light bluey-green, with brown blotches. Incubate takes between 12 and 15 days. | ||
| + | [[Image:41626879855 2578ef73a8 c.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo by {{user|SeeToh|SeeToh}}<br />Pulau Ubin, [[Singapore]], June 2018]] | ||
====Diet==== | ====Diet==== | ||
The diet includes grasshoppers, termites, caterpillars, grubs, and fruit. The young are fed earthworms and insects. | The diet includes grasshoppers, termites, caterpillars, grubs, and fruit. The young are fed earthworms and insects. | ||
Revision as of 13:36, 3 June 2018
- Copsychus malabaricus
Includes: White-crowned Shama
Identification
21–28 cm (8¼-11 in)
- Black bill
- Pink feet
Male
- Glossy black
- Chestnut belly
- White feathers on the rump and outer tail
Females: grey-brown, shorter than males
Juvenile: similar to the female, with blotches or spots on the chest.
Distribution
Photo by Alok Tewari
Karnala Bird Sanctuary, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra, India, Oct.-2013
South and south east Asia.
Introduced to Kaua'i, O'ahu and Moloka'i, in the Hawaiian Islands. Seems to be spreading to other islands in Maui County.
Taxonomy
Subspecies
14 subspecies accepted[1]:
- C. m. malabaricus: Southern peninsula India
- C. m. leggei: Sri Lanka
- C. m. macrourus: Nepal to northeastern India, southwestern China and Hainan Island), Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina (including Con Son Island, southern Vietnam), and the northern Thai-Malay Peninsula; the species also is introduced on Taiwan (subspecies not confirmed, possibly macrourus) and the Hawaiian Islands (probably macrourus)
- C. m. tricolor: Southern Thai-Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Riau and Lingga Archipelagos, Bangka and Belitung islands, Anambas Islands, Natuna Islands, and western Java
- C. m. javanus: Central Java
- C. m. omissus: Eastern Java
- C. m. suavis: Borneo (except northern part)
- C. m. nigricauda: Kangean Islands and Matasiri Island (Java Sea)
- C. m. hypolizus: Simeulue Island, west coast of Sumatra
- C. m. opisthochrus: Lasia and Babi Islands, west coast of Sumatra; possibly extinct in the wild
- C. m. melanurus: Nias Island and Mentawai Islands, west coast of Sumatra
- C. m. mirabilis: Prinsen Island (Sunda Strait); possibly extinct
- C. m. stricklandii: Lowlands of northern Borneo, Labuan, Balembangan and Banggi islands
- C. m. barbouri: Maratua Islands (off northern Borneo)
Stricklandi (together with barbouri) from Borneo is sometimes considered a full species, White-crowned Shama. Andaman Shama was formerly included in this species.
Habitat
Valley forests and lowland broadleaf forests.
Behaviour
Breeding
The nest is built of roots, leaves and other vegetative material which is placed near the ground. The eggs are white to light bluey-green, with brown blotches. Incubate takes between 12 and 15 days.
Diet
The diet includes grasshoppers, termites, caterpillars, grubs, and fruit. The young are fed earthworms and insects.
Vocalisation
<flashmp3>Memo.mp3</flashmp3>
Listen in an external program
Recording by wavethree
Pulau Ubin, Singapore
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017, with updates to August 2017. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Wikipedia
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2025) White-rumped Shama. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 21 May 2025 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/White-rumped_Shama
