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Difference between revisions of "Asian Green Bee-eater" - BirdForum Opus

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'''Alternative name: Little Green Bee-eater'''
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[[Image:green_bee-eater_alok_2.JPG|thumb|550px|right|Nominate Subspecies : breeding pair, male (right) giving food to female<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br /> Basai, Gurgaon, Haryana, [[India]], April-2017]]
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[[Image:green_bee-eater_alok_2.JPG|thumb|550px|right|Nominate Subspecies : breeding pair, male (right) giving food to female<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|aloktewari|Alok Tewari}}<br /> Basai, Gurgaon, Haryana, [[India]], 24 April 2017]]
 
;[[:Category: Merops|Merops]] orientalis
 
;[[:Category: Merops|Merops]] orientalis
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==Identification==
 
==Identification==
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[[Image:15842Bee eaters.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''M. o. cyanophrys''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Simonph|Simonph}}<br />Dubai, [[UAE]], December 2004]]
 
 
16-18cm (6¼-7 in)
 
16-18cm (6¼-7 in)
 
*Green upper parts
 
*Green upper parts
 
:*Head and underpart colours vary according to subspecies
 
:*Head and underpart colours vary according to subspecies
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*Green wings
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*Wings with green coverts and rusty flight feathers having a black terminal band
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*Black beak<br />
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*Black beak and line through eye
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Sexes similar
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*Black line separating throat from upper breast
 +
*Long extensions on central tail feathers
 +
<br />
 +
Sexes similar, but female duller
 +
====Variation====
 +
Western birds are mainly green in both head and throat. There is an increasing level of rusty colors in the crown and upperside towards the east and especially in [[Sri Lanka]]. Western birds frequently have a narrow blue line under the black eye line, this become more noticeable further east. In the easternmost birds ([[Indochina]]) throat becomes yellowish in worn individuals. Underside buffy to whitish in Sri Lanka.
 
==Distribution==
 
==Distribution==
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[[Asia]] from [[Iran]] to [[Vietnam]] and south to [[Sri Lanka]].
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[[Africa]], [[Middle East]] and [[Asia]]:<br />
 
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'''Northern Africa''': [[Libya]], [[Egypt]]<br />
 
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'''Western Africa''': [[Mauritania]], [[Senegambia]], [[Senegal]], [[Guinea-Bissau]], [[Mali]], [[Ivory Coast]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Ghana]], [[Benin]], [[Nigeria]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], [[Cameroon]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Equatorial Guinea]]<br />
 
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'''Eastern Africa''': [[Sudan]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]]<br />
 
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'''Middle East''': [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Yemen]], [[Oman]], [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Iraq]], [[Iran]]<br />
 
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'''Asia''': [[Afghanistan]], [[China]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]], [[India]], Eastern and Western [[Himalayas]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]]<br />
 
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'''Southeast Asia''': [[Indochina]], [[Myanmar]], [[Laos]], [[Vietnam]], [[Cambodia]], [[Thailand]]
 
 
==Taxonomy==
 
==Taxonomy==
 
[[Image:Lgbe-3.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile, subspecies ''M. o. ferrugeiceps''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Nook|Nook}}<br />Na Ngua, Phetchabun, [[Thailand]], June 2017]]
 
[[Image:Lgbe-3.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile, subspecies ''M. o. ferrugeiceps''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|Nook|Nook}}<br />Na Ngua, Phetchabun, [[Thailand]], June 2017]]
 
====Subspecies====
 
====Subspecies====
 
[[Image:1B9A3472.gif|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''M. o. ferrugeiceps''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|nothinghill|nothinghill}}<br />[[Thailand]], January 2018]]
 
[[Image:1B9A3472.gif|thumb|350px|right|Subspecies ''M. o. ferrugeiceps''<br />Photo &copy; by {{user|nothinghill|nothinghill}}<br />[[Thailand]], January 2018]]
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There are 8 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
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There are 4 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>:
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* ''M. o. viridissimus'' :
 
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:*Savanna of [[Senegal]] to [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]] and western [[Sudan]]
 
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* ''M. o. flavoviridis'':
 
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:*Subdesert steppes of [[Chad]] to Red Sea coast of [[Sudan]]
 
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* ''M. o. cleopatra'':
 
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:*Nile Valley (Lake Nasser to delta)
 
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* ''M. o. cyanophrys'':
 
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:*[[Arabia|Arabian]] Peninsula
 
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* ''M. o. najdanus'':
 
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:*Central Arabian plateau
 
 
* ''M. o. beludschicus'':
 
* ''M. o. beludschicus'':
 
:*From the north end of Persian Gulf to Baluchistan and western [[India]]
 
:*From the north end of Persian Gulf to Baluchistan and western [[India]]
 
* ''M. o. orientalis'':
 
* ''M. o. orientalis'':
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:*From the Rann of Kutch to [[Bangladesh]] and [[Sri Lanka]]
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:*western [[India]] (Rann of Kutch) east to [[Bangladesh]] and south through the Indian peninsula
 +
* ''M. o. ceylonicus''
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:*[[Sri Lanka]]
 
* ''M. o. ferrugeiceps'':
 
* ''M. o. ferrugeiceps'':
 
:*From Assam and [[Myanmar]] to [[Vietnam]]
 
:*From Assam and [[Myanmar]] to [[Vietnam]]
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</gallery>
 
</gallery>
 
==References==
 
==References==
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#{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#Avibase
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#{{Ref-Clements6thOct22}}#{{Ref-GillDonskerRasmussen22V13.1}}#Kirwan, G. M., H. Fry, and P. F. D. Boesman (2022). Asian Green Bee-eater (Merops orientalis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (G. M. Kirwan, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.grnbee3.01
 
#AvianWeb
 
#AvianWeb
 
#BF Member observations
 
#BF Member observations
 
{{ref}}
 
{{ref}}
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
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{{GSearch|Merops+orientalis}}  
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<div style="margin:2px; padding:5px; border:1px solid #CCC; text-align: center; background-color: #FFFF99; clear:both"> [[Image:Icon_camera_link.png]] [https://www.birdforum.net/search/?type=xfmg_media&q=%22Merops+orientalis%22+|+%22Green+Bee-eater%22&o=date&c%5Bcategories%5D%5B0%5D=528&c%5Bchild_categories%5D=1 Search for photos of {{PAGENAME}} in the gallery] </div>
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{{GS-checked}}
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<br />
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<div style="margin:2px; padding:5px; border:1px solid #CCC; text-align: center; background-color: #98CDE3; clear:both"> [[Image:Icon_camera_link.png]] [https://www.birdforum.net/search/?type=xfmg_media&q=%22Merops+orientalis%22+|+%22Green+Bee-eater%22+video+-viewvideo+-%22video+still%22&o=date&c%5Bcategories%5D%5B0%5D=528&c%5Bchild_categories%5D=1 Search for videos of {{PAGENAME}} in the gallery] </div>
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<!--EDITORS: this is a complex individualised search to eliminate non-Asian Green Bee-eater species-->
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{{GS-checked}}1
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
  
 
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Merops]] [[Category:Bird Songs]]
 
[[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Merops]] [[Category:Bird Songs]]

Latest revision as of 18:59, 1 November 2023

Nominate Subspecies : breeding pair, male (right) giving food to female
Photo © by Alok Tewari
Basai, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, 24 April 2017
Merops orientalis

Identification

16-18cm (6¼-7 in)

  • Green upper parts
  • Head and underpart colours vary according to subspecies
  • Wings with green coverts and rusty flight feathers having a black terminal band
  • Black beak and line through eye
  • Black line separating throat from upper breast
  • Long extensions on central tail feathers


Sexes similar, but female duller

Variation

Western birds are mainly green in both head and throat. There is an increasing level of rusty colors in the crown and upperside towards the east and especially in Sri Lanka. Western birds frequently have a narrow blue line under the black eye line, this become more noticeable further east. In the easternmost birds (Indochina) throat becomes yellowish in worn individuals. Underside buffy to whitish in Sri Lanka.

Distribution

Asia from Iran to Vietnam and south to Sri Lanka.

Taxonomy

Juvenile, subspecies M. o. ferrugeiceps
Photo © by Nook
Na Ngua, Phetchabun, Thailand, June 2017

Subspecies

Subspecies M. o. ferrugeiceps
Photo © by nothinghill
Thailand, January 2018

There are 4 subspecies[1]:

  • M. o. beludschicus:
  • From the north end of Persian Gulf to Baluchistan and western India
  • M. o. orientalis:
  • western India (Rann of Kutch) east to Bangladesh and south through the Indian peninsula
  • M. o. ceylonicus
  • M. o. ferrugeiceps:

Habitat

Around water bodies, river sides, open cultivated areas, scrub forests, parks and gardens, open woodland.

Behaviour

Diet

They catch bees and other insects in flight and retun to the same perch to batter them to remove the sting before eating.

Breeding

Nests are made in a tunnel in sandy banks. The 4 to 8 spherical white eggs are incubated by both the male and the female.

Vocalisation

Recording by Alok Tewari
Nazafgarh Wetlands, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, March-2015
A pair, ssp. orientalis, calling while examining a mud-embankment for possible nesting site, early summer-time.

Gallery

Click on photo for larger image

  • Juvenile, nominate subspecies
    Photo © by Alok Tewari
    Manger Bani Forest, Aravali Hills, Gurgaon, Haryana, India, June-2018

  • Juvenile developing extended tail feathers
    Photo © by Shantilal Varu
    Kutch, Gujarat, India, 4 August 2019

References

  1. Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
  2. Gill, F, D Donsker, and P Rasmussen (Eds). 2023. IOC World Bird List (v 13.1)_red. Doi 10.14344/IOC.ML.13.1. http://www.worldbirdnames.org/
  3. Kirwan, G. M., H. Fry, and P. F. D. Boesman (2022). Asian Green Bee-eater (Merops orientalis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (G. M. Kirwan, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.grnbee3.01
  4. AvianWeb
  5. BF Member observations

Recommended Citation

External Links



GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1

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