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| − | + | [[Image:Pallas's Gulls, Goa, by scottishdude.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Adults in summer plumage <br />Photo: {{user|scottishdude|scottishdude}}<br />Goa, India; 13 September 2008.]] | |
| − | + | '''Alternative name: Great Black-headed Gull''' | |
| − | [[Image: | + | ;[[:Category:Ichthyaetus|Ichthyaetus]] ichthyaetus |
| − | + | ''Larus ichthyaetus'' | |
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| + | [[Image:Great Black-headed or Pallass Gull.jpg|thumb|350px|right|Adult summer (perched) with two adult winter plumage flying over.<br />Photo by {{user|Seyed+Babak+Mus|Seyed Babak Mus}}<br />Bahal shore near to Jask town, [[Iran]]; 21 January 2005.]] | ||
| + | Length 59–72 cm (23¼-28½ in), wingspan 155-160 cm, weight 1-2 kg.<br /> | ||
| + | Structurally, it can be recognised by its angular head narrowing to its massive bill and peaked toward the rear of the head. Summer adults have a black hood, solid apart from the white eyelids, white body and tail, and silvery grey mantle and inner wings; the outer six [[Topography#Wings|primaries]] are extensively white with a black subterminal band.<br /> | ||
| + | The bill is yellow-based, red in the middle, with a black ring near the tip, with the extreme tip pale yellow.<br /> | ||
| + | The legs are yellow.<br /> | ||
| + | In winter, adults lose most of the hood, retaining a blackish bar from the eye and thinly over the rear of the crown.<br /> | ||
| + | Juveniles are similar to a huge Mediterranean Gull; first winters already with a substantially grey mantle, tail white with a solid black terminal band.<br /> | ||
| + | Second winters have black primaries with very limited white, and black tail band edged white.<br /> | ||
| + | Third winters similar to adult, except for traces of a black tail band and more extensive black on the primaries. | ||
| + | ====Similar Species==== | ||
| + | [[Image:Palla s GullDSC8527.JPG|thumb|350px|right|Juvenile<br />Photo © by {{user|Shantilal+Varu|Shantilal Varu}}<br />Kutch, Gujarat, [[India]], 31 March 2019]] | ||
| + | A huge gull, second or third largest in the family after [[Great Black-backed Gull]] (slightly larger) and [[Glaucous Gull]] (about the same size), and by far the largest gull with a black summer hood. <br /> | ||
| + | Faster-maturing than other large gulls, reaching maturity in 3 years like its much smaller [[:Category:Ichthyaetus|congeners]] [[Mediterranean Gull]] and [[Relict Gull]]. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| + | Breeds beside saline and freshwater lakes in south-central [[Asia]] west to easternmost Europe; winters from the eastern [[Mediterranean]] across southern Asian coasts to Burma. The breeding range has expanded westward in recent years, with a sizable colony now established in the [[Danube Delta]] in [[Ukraine]]<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>. | ||
| + | |||
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | + | This is a [[Dictionary_M-S#M|monotypic]] species<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup> which, like its [[Dictionary_A-C#C|congeners]], was formerly placed in the genus ''[[:Category:Larus|Larus]]''<sup>[[#References|[2]]]</sup><sup>[[#References|[3]]]</sup>. | |
| + | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| + | Saline or (less often) freshwater margins of lakes and seas; mainly coastal in winter. Like other large gulls, often visits rubbish dumps for food. | ||
| + | |||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| + | ====Diet==== | ||
| + | Feeds mainly on fish, including fish carrion. Often piratical, using its size and strength to steal food from other seabirds, and occasionally kills other seabirds and small mammals. They also eat insects, birds eggs and reptiles. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | #[http://kiliya.info/blog/2_ljutogo_vsesvitnij_den_vodno_bolotnikh_ugid/2015-01-30-4857 Danube Dawn 2: Dire - Vsesvіtnіy wetland] (in Ukrainian) | ||
| + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug18}}#{{Ref-HBWVol3}}#Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved April 2019) | ||
| + | {{ref}} | ||
| + | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
| − | {{GSearch|Larus | + | {{GSearch|"Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus" {{!}} "Larus ichthyaetus" {{!}} "Pallas's Gull" {{!}} "Great Black-headed Gull"}} |
| − | + | {{GS-checked}}1 | |
| − | [[Category:Birds]] | + | <br /> |
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Ichthyaetus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 22:18, 31 May 2023
Alternative name: Great Black-headed Gull
- Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus
Larus ichthyaetus
Identification
Photo by Seyed Babak Mus
Bahal shore near to Jask town, Iran; 21 January 2005.
Length 59–72 cm (23¼-28½ in), wingspan 155-160 cm, weight 1-2 kg.
Structurally, it can be recognised by its angular head narrowing to its massive bill and peaked toward the rear of the head. Summer adults have a black hood, solid apart from the white eyelids, white body and tail, and silvery grey mantle and inner wings; the outer six primaries are extensively white with a black subterminal band.
The bill is yellow-based, red in the middle, with a black ring near the tip, with the extreme tip pale yellow.
The legs are yellow.
In winter, adults lose most of the hood, retaining a blackish bar from the eye and thinly over the rear of the crown.
Juveniles are similar to a huge Mediterranean Gull; first winters already with a substantially grey mantle, tail white with a solid black terminal band.
Second winters have black primaries with very limited white, and black tail band edged white.
Third winters similar to adult, except for traces of a black tail band and more extensive black on the primaries.
Similar Species
A huge gull, second or third largest in the family after Great Black-backed Gull (slightly larger) and Glaucous Gull (about the same size), and by far the largest gull with a black summer hood.
Faster-maturing than other large gulls, reaching maturity in 3 years like its much smaller congeners Mediterranean Gull and Relict Gull.
Distribution
Breeds beside saline and freshwater lakes in south-central Asia west to easternmost Europe; winters from the eastern Mediterranean across southern Asian coasts to Burma. The breeding range has expanded westward in recent years, with a sizable colony now established in the Danube Delta in Ukraine[1].
Taxonomy
This is a monotypic species[1] which, like its congeners, was formerly placed in the genus Larus[2][3].
Habitat
Saline or (less often) freshwater margins of lakes and seas; mainly coastal in winter. Like other large gulls, often visits rubbish dumps for food.
Behaviour
Diet
Feeds mainly on fish, including fish carrion. Often piratical, using its size and strength to steal food from other seabirds, and occasionally kills other seabirds and small mammals. They also eat insects, birds eggs and reptiles.
References
- Danube Dawn 2: Dire - Vsesvіtnіy wetland (in Ukrainian)
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2018. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2018. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Del Hoyo, J, A Elliot, and J Sargatal, eds. 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8487334207
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive (retrieved April 2019)
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Pallas's Gull. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 28 April 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Pallas%27s_Gull
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.1
