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==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
| − | [[Image:Silver_Gulls.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''C. n. novaehollandiae'', first-winter (front) & two adults.<br />Photo by Neil Fifer<br /> Sydney, Australia | + | [[Image:Silver_Gulls.jpg|thumb|350px|right|''C. n. novaehollandiae'', first-winter (front) & two adults.<br />Photo by {{user|Neil|Neil Fifer}}<br /> Sydney, [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]], December 2004]] |
Near water, both coastal and inland wetlands, but more numerous on the coast. | Near water, both coastal and inland wetlands, but more numerous on the coast. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
#{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker10}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker16V6.4}}#{{Ref-HM04}}#{{Ref-HBWVol3}} | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug16}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker10}}#{{Ref-GillDonsker16V6.4}}#{{Ref-HM04}}#{{Ref-HBWVol3}} | ||
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==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|Chroicocephalus+novaehollandiae Use ''Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae'' to}} | {{GSearch|Chroicocephalus+novaehollandiae Use ''Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae'' to}} | ||
Revision as of 20:46, 27 March 2017
Photo by Peter Day
Swanport Wetlands, Murray Bridge, Adelaide, South Australia, April 2016.
- Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae
Larus novaehollandiae
Identification
40-45cm. White head, tail and underparts, with a light grey back and wings black-tipped with white 'mirrors'; bill, legs and eye-ring are bright orange-red. Iris white.
The call is a high pitched, raucous scrark.
Similar species
None within its Australian range, but in New Zealand, care is needed to distinguish the rare Black-billed Gull, which shares the white iris and unmarked white head, but has a slenderer black bill, slightly less black on the primaries, and in summer, also darker legs. Within the genus Chroicocephalus, Slender-billed Gull also shares the white iris and unmarked white head, but does not occur anywhere nearby.
Distribution
Australia, New Zealand and surrounding islands.
Taxonomy
As with other species of Chroicocephalus, Silver Gull was formerly placed in the genus Larus.
Subspecies
Three subspecies recognised, split into two species by Clements1 and formerly by IOC2, but not more recently by IOC3 nor by Dickinson4
- C. n. forsteri in northern Australia, New Caledonia, and the Loyalty Islands
- C. n. novaehollandiae in southern Australia and Tasmania
- C. n. scopulinus (Red-billed Gull; syn. C. scopulinus) in New Zealand, Chatham, Auckland and adjacent islands
Some authorities also recognise C. n. gunni in Tasmania, but it intergrades clinally with C. n. novaehollandiae5.
Habitat
Photo by Neil Fifer
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, December 2004
Near water, both coastal and inland wetlands, but more numerous on the coast.
Behaviour
It is a scavenger; its diet also includes worms, fish, insects and crustaceans.
They nest in large colonies on offshore islands. Two broods are often raised in a year. Both sexes share nest-building, incubation and feeding duties. 3 eggs are laid in a shallow nest scrape, lined with vegetation.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016, with updates to August 2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2010. IOC World Bird Names (version 2.7). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
- Gill, F and D Donsker (Eds). 2016. IOC World Bird Names (version 6.4). Available at http://www.worldbirdnames.org/.
- Dickinson, EC, ed. 2014. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 4th ed. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0956861122
- Del Hoyo, J, A Elliot, and J Sargatal, eds. 1996. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-8487334207
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2024) Silver Gull. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 15 May 2024 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Silver_Gull
External Links
