The problem with the question is that it's not clear, what is the purpose of the "cropping". Because that's never the end goal, the end goal is to take an image of something.
So imagine you take a lens and pair it with an 20Mpix FF sensor and crop it to the size of the 1-inch sensor and call it image A. Then you take the same lens, but pair it with a 20Mpix 1-inch sensor and call it image B. Now you have the same scene on both images, but image B has much more resolution. Sure, if you cropped image B by the same amount as you cropped image A with respect to its original, then the result will be by all likelihood worse - not only because of the higher noise of the small pixels, but because you are now trying to see smaller things with the same lens, inevitably showing more optical aberrations. But you don't need to do it, the image is already showing the scene.
I think there is a weird situation where people are overly fixated on the size of the sensor in situations where it is not relevant. Yes, a bigger sensor gives you a lot of gain for wide-field photography, because, well, the field is bigger. But once the scene you want does not fill out the entire chip, the presence of its outer parts no longer matters. This used to not be true in the old times where chips had such a small resolution that you wanted to avoid cropping at all cost and a lot of this thinking carries over - hell even in some big wildlife photo competition, cropping is explicitly prohibited by rules, which is utterly absurd, because buying cameras with smaller chips isn't against the rules
If you want to look at cropping from the flexibility standpoint - you want to have a fixed focal-length lens, but be able to get a wide range of fields of view on shots - then a large chip is an advantage, because of the aforementioned reasons: signal/noise ratio and optical aberrations. If you want to crop in order to get the most reach out of your lens, to see the smallest possible objects, a small chip may be an advantage - unless you can get a large chip with the same pixel density. That is against the rules of this specific question, where all the different chips have the same amount of pixels - but in general, if you care about reach, don't look at pixel count or sensor size in isolation, but look at pixel size in microns.