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| − | + | [[Image:Spruce_Grouse.jpg|thumb|550px|right|Male<br />Photo © {{user|ronjames4_|ronjames4_}}<br />[[Alaska]], May 2005]] | |
| − | [[Image:Spruce_Grouse.jpg|thumb|550px|right| | + | ;[[:Category:Canachites|Canachites]] canadensis |
| − | + | ''Falcipennis canadensis'' | |
==Identification== | ==Identification== | ||
| − | 40cm | + | 40cm (15¾ in) |
| + | *Grey overall plumage | ||
| + | *Black breast with white bars | ||
| + | *Black throat | ||
| + | *Red area over the eye | ||
| + | *Long square black tail, brown tip | ||
| + | Adult females are mottled brown with dark and white bars on the underparts. | ||
| + | ====Variations==== | ||
| + | There are two distinct groups:<br /> | ||
| + | Most and especially northerly birds, such as ''C.c. canadensis'', have a rufous tip to the tail and lacks white spots above the tail.<br /> | ||
| + | "Franklin's Grouse," ''C.c. franklinii'' (including ''isleibi''), has an all black tail with small white spots on the feathers overlying it. | ||
==Distribution== | ==Distribution== | ||
| − | [[Alaska]], [[Canada]] and [[United States]]. | + | [[North America]]: [[Alaska]], [[Canada]] and [[United States]]. |
==Taxonomy== | ==Taxonomy== | ||
| − | + | This species has in the past been placed in genus ''[[:Category:Dendragapus|Dendragapus]]'' or in genus ''[[:Category:Falcipennis|Falcipennis]]''. | |
| + | ====Subspecies==== | ||
| + | There are 7 subspecies<sup>[[#References|[1]]]</sup>: | ||
| + | *''C. c. osgoodi'': | ||
| + | :*[[Alaska]] and Yukon to Great Slave Lake and Lake Athabasca | ||
| + | *''C. c. atratus'': | ||
| + | :*South Alaska (Bristol Bay) to Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island | ||
| + | *''C. c. canadensis'': | ||
| + | :*Coniferous forests of [[Canada]] (central Alberta to Labrador) | ||
| + | *''C. c. canace'': | ||
| + | :*South East Canada and adjacent [[US]] ([[Minnesota]] to [[Maine]]) | ||
| + | *''C. c. torridus'': | ||
| + | :*[[Nova Scotia]] | ||
| + | *''C. c. isleibi'': | ||
| + | :*Southeastern Alaska (Prince of Wales Island, and adjacent islands in the Alexander Archipelago) | ||
| + | *''C. c. franklinii'': | ||
| + | :*[[British Columbia]] south through the northern Rocky Mountains to northeastern [[Oregon]] and central [[Idaho]] | ||
| − | |||
==Habitat== | ==Habitat== | ||
Boreal forest and taiga. | Boreal forest and taiga. | ||
==Behaviour== | ==Behaviour== | ||
| − | + | ====Diet==== | |
| − | The diet | + | The diet consists mostly of conifer needles in the winter. Their summer diet, they add berries, green plants, and some insects. They eat small stones, to help their gizzard digest their food. |
| − | + | ==References== | |
| − | + | #{{Ref-Clements6thAug21}}#Schroeder, M. A., E. J. Blomberg, D. A. Boag, P. Pyle, and M. A. Patten (2021). Spruce Grouse (Canachites canadensis), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (P. G. Rodewald, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.sprgro.01.1 | |
| + | {{ref}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{GSearch|canadensis+Grouse}} | {{GSearch|canadensis+Grouse}} | ||
| + | {{GS-checked}} | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| + | <br /> | ||
| − | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Falcipennis]] | + | [[Category:Birds]] [[Category:Falcipennis]] [[Category:Canachites]] |
Latest revision as of 19:32, 12 November 2021
- Canachites canadensis
Falcipennis canadensis
Identification
40cm (15¾ in)
- Grey overall plumage
- Black breast with white bars
- Black throat
- Red area over the eye
- Long square black tail, brown tip
Adult females are mottled brown with dark and white bars on the underparts.
Variations
There are two distinct groups:
Most and especially northerly birds, such as C.c. canadensis, have a rufous tip to the tail and lacks white spots above the tail.
"Franklin's Grouse," C.c. franklinii (including isleibi), has an all black tail with small white spots on the feathers overlying it.
Distribution
North America: Alaska, Canada and United States.
Taxonomy
This species has in the past been placed in genus Dendragapus or in genus Falcipennis.
Subspecies
There are 7 subspecies[1]:
- C. c. osgoodi:
- Alaska and Yukon to Great Slave Lake and Lake Athabasca
- C. c. atratus:
- South Alaska (Bristol Bay) to Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island
- C. c. canadensis:
- Coniferous forests of Canada (central Alberta to Labrador)
- C. c. canace:
- C. c. torridus:
- C. c. isleibi:
- Southeastern Alaska (Prince of Wales Island, and adjacent islands in the Alexander Archipelago)
- C. c. franklinii:
- British Columbia south through the northern Rocky Mountains to northeastern Oregon and central Idaho
Habitat
Boreal forest and taiga.
Behaviour
Diet
The diet consists mostly of conifer needles in the winter. Their summer diet, they add berries, green plants, and some insects. They eat small stones, to help their gizzard digest their food.
References
- Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/
- Schroeder, M. A., E. J. Blomberg, D. A. Boag, P. Pyle, and M. A. Patten (2021). Spruce Grouse (Canachites canadensis), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (P. G. Rodewald, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.sprgro.01.1
Recommended Citation
- BirdForum Opus contributors. (2025) Spruce Grouse. In: BirdForum, the forum for wild birds and birding. Retrieved 19 May 2025 from https://www.birdforum.net/opus/Spruce_Grouse
External Links
GSearch checked for 2020 platform.
